Acrylic acid plasticizer

Acrylic acid derivatives. Acrylic esters polymerise readily under the influence of oxygen, peroxides, light or heat to give colourless, glass-Uke plastics. 

Functional derivatives of polyethylene, particularly poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acryLic acid) and derivatives, have received attention because of their water-solubility and disposal iato the aqueous environment. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is used ia a wide variety of appHcations, including textiles, paper, plastic films, etc, and poly(acryLic acid) is widely used ia detergents as a builder, a super-absorbent for diapers and feminine hygiene products, for water treatment, ia thickeners, as pigment dispersant, etc (see Vinyl polymers, vinyl alcohol polymers). 

Acrylic acid, the main precursor to acrylic adhesives had been synthesized in the mid 1800s and the first acrylic acid esters were made and characterized at the turn of the century [62]. The first commercial launch of acrylic polymers in the form of poly(methylmethacrylate) took place in 1927 when the German company Rohm and Haas AG introduced this new plastic to the market. Soon after, other companies such as BASF introduced acrylic dispersions. 

For some applications, such as for repulpable type PSAs, it may be advantageous to incorporate high levels of acrylic acid because this makes the polymer more hydrophilic. At the same time, high levels of acid also improve the water-dispersibility of the adhesive, especially at higher pH where the acid groups are converted to the more water-soluble neutralized salt form. Since the high level of acid increases the of the resulting polymer, a non-tacky material results. To make the adhesive pressure sensitive, the polymer can be softened with water-dispersible or soluble plasticizers, such as polyethers [68]. 

Acrylic is a generic name for derivatives of acrylic acid, of which methyl methacrylate is the most important. Polymerization is controlled to produce chain length of 800 to 3,000 monomer units. A small amount of plasticizer such as dibutyl phthalate may be added before bulk polymerization to assist in deep molding. The outstanding property of polymethyl metliacrylate is 0 transparency resistance to ultraviolet radiation from fluorescent lamps and ability to be... 

Acrylic acid and its esters are used to produce acrylic resins. Depending on the polymerization method, the resins could he used in the adhesive, paint, or plastic industry. 

Acrylonitrile is mainly used to produce acrylic fibers, resins, and elastomers. Copolymers of acrylonitrile with butadiene and styrene are the ABS resins and those with styrene are the styrene-acrylonitrile resins SAN that are important plastics. The 1998 U.S. production of acrylonitrile was approximately 3.1 billion pounds. Most of the production was used for ABS resins and acrylic and modacrylic fibers. Acrylonitrile is also a precursor for acrylic acid (by hydrolysis) and for adiponitrile (by an electrodimerization). 

RDX may be substituted for HMX in the formulation. Ethyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer (EA/AA) consists of from 90 to 96 parts acrylate and from 4 to about 10 parts acrylic acid. Those in Table 5 are about 95 parts ethyl acrylate and 5 parts acrylic acid. TVOPA is a difluoramino plasticizer for the EA/AA binders. Projected cost data for BTTN range from 1 /4 to 1 /6 that of TVOPA. 

Theses polymers are made from acrylic acid, its homologues and their derivatives. Glass like resins were made from esters of aerylic acid in 1877 by Fitting and Peter by Kahlbaum. In 1928, Rohm and Hass, a German Company started commercial development of methacrylic esters. Limited production started in 1933. The rapidly expanding air-force used this plastic in place of glass in the aeroplanes. Most of the early production of "Plexiglass was used up by air-force planes. In 1936, ICI marketed methyl methacrylate sheets as "Perspex". 

Radiation Induced Reactions. Graft polymers have been prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol) by the irradiation of the polymer-monomer system and some other methods. The grafted side chains reported include acrylamide, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, ethyl acrylate, ethylene, ethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl pyridine and vinyl pyrrolidone (13). Poly(vinyl alcohols) with grafted methyl methacrylate and sometimes methyl acrylate have been studied as membranes for hemodialysis (14). Graft polymers consisting of 50% poly(vinyl alcohol), 25% poly(vinyl acetate) and 25% grafted ethylene oxide units can be used to prepare capsule cases for drugs which do not require any additional plasticizers (15). 

The propylene equivalent of polyethylene is polypropylene. About 50% of the chemical use of propylene is directed to that use. Other major applications are the manufacture of propylene oxide, isopropyl alcohol, cumene, 0X0 alcohols, acrylic acids, and acrylonitrile. The consumer products you are familiar with show up everywhere carpets, rope, clothing, plastics in automobiles, appliances, toys, rubbing alcohol, paints, and epoxy glue. 

This molecule, CH2 = C - CN, is copolymerized with acrylic acid, styrene, maleic anhydride, butadiene, or is op re ne to produce a wide variety of plastics and coatings. 

Figure 6. FTIR spectra of components used to produce the starch-containing plastics used in this study (a) low density polyethylene (PE) (b) poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA) and (c) corn starch.

Miller ML Acrylic acid polymers. In Bikales NM (ed) Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Plastics, Resins, Rubbers, Fibers, Vol 1, p 197. New York, Interscience, 1964... 

Acrylic acid and its salts are raw materials for an important range of esters, including methyl, ethyl, butyl, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylates. The acid and its esters are used in polyacrylic acid and salts (32%, including superabsorbent polymers, detergents, water treatment chemicals, and dispersants), surface coatings (18%), adhesives and sealants (15%), textiles and non-wovens (12%), plastic modifiers (5%), and paper coating (3%). 

Ester polymers of methacrylic and acrylic acid are important in a wide range of applications. They are used in dental materials, glazing, adhesives, plastic bottles, elastomers, floor polishes, paint bases, plastic films, and leather finishes, to mention only a few. 

B. Vollmert, Impact-resistant plastic compositions comprising a styrene polymer and a cross-linked acrylic acid ester polymer, and process for preparing same, US Patent 3 055 859, assigned to BASF AG, September 25,1962. 

Acrylic acid and derivs 1 A96-A97 acrylic acid-trinitrophenylester 1 A97 acrylic esters, monomeric 1 A97 acrylic resins and plastics 1 A97 acryloylazide 1 A97 3-nitroacrylic acid 1 A97... 

ACRYLATES AND METHACRYLATES. A wide range of plastic materials that date back to the pioneering work of Redtenbacher before 1850, who prepared acrylic acid by oxidizing acrolein... 

Acrylics. There are two principal classes of acrylic sealants latex acrylics and solvent-release actylics. High molecular weight latex acrylic polymers are prepared by emulsion polymerization of alkyl esters of acrylic acid, The emulsion polymers are compounded inlo sealants by adding fillers, plasticizers, freeze-thaw stabilizers, thickeners, and adhesion promoters. As is true of the silicone lalex sealants, die acrylic latex sealants are easy to apply and clean with water. 

D.C. Sayles, Propellant with Acrylate Copolymer Binder and Butanetriol Trinitrate Plasticizer , USP Applic B64868 (1975) CA 82, 158374 (1975) [The inventor claims a smokeless proplnt with a specific impulse of 265.1 lb-see/lb-m with the following formulation 95/5 ethyl acrylate—acrylic acid copolymer (4.6), butanetriol trinitrate (12.85), 1,2,3-tris-[1,2-bis(diflnoroamino) ethoxy] propane (12.85), HMX (48.5), AP (19.2), diepoxydicyclo-hexyl carboxylate (1.5) and carbon black (0.5 wt %)] 75) J JB. Flanagan V.E. Hauxy, Pro-... 

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