ACRYLAMIDE TERPOLYMER

Acrylamide copolymers designed to reduce undesired amide group hydrolysis, increase thermal stability, and improve solubility in saline media have been synthesized and studied for EOR applications. These polymers still tend to be shear sensitive. Acrylamide comonomers that have been used include 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate, abbreviated AMPS, (1,321-324), 2-sulfo-ethylmethacrylate (325,326), diacetone acrylamide (324, 326), and vinylpyrrolidinone (327,328). Acrylamide terpolymers include those with sodium acrylate and acrylamido-N-dodecyl-N-butyl sulfonate (329), with AMPS and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (330), with AMPS and N-vinylpyrrolidinone (331), and with sodium acrylate and sodium methacrylate (332). While most copolymers tested have been random copolymers, block copolymers of acrylamide and AMPS also have utility in this application (333). 

A number of thermosetting acrylic resins for use as surface coatings have appeared during recent years. These are generally complex copolymers and terpolymers such as a styrene-ethyl acrylate-alkoxy methyl acrylamide... 

Acrylic acid terpolymers have appeared on the market in recent years. With their broad spectrum of functions, they offer the potential for excellent waterside conditions. In particular, the terpolymers have proved to be very effective particulate iron oxides dispersants and colloidal iron stabilizers. Examples include acrylic acid/sulfonic acid/sodium styrene sulfonate (AA/SA/SSS), such as Good-Rite K781, K797, K798. A further example is acrylic acid/ sulfonic acid/substituted acrylamide (AA/SA/NI), such as Acumer 3100. 

The nonionic monomer can be acrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl acetamide, or dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate. Ionic monomers are AMPS, sodium vinyl sulfonate, and vinylbenzene sulfonate. The terpolymer should have a molecular weight between 200,000 to 1,000,000 Dalton. 

A terpolymer from a family of intramolecular polymeric complexes (i.e., polyampholytes), which are terpolymers of acrylamide-methyl styrene sulfonate-methacrylamido propyltrimethylammonium chloride [106,1418], has been reported. 

Similar copolymers with N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide as a comonomer have been proposed for hydraulic cement compositions [669]. The polymers consist of AMPS in an amount of 5% to 95%, vinylacrylamide in an amount of 5% to 95%, and acrylamide in an amount of 0% to 80%, all by weight. The polymers are effective at well bottom-hole temperatures ranging from 200° to 500° F and are not adversely affected by brine. Terpolymers of 30 to 90 mole-percent AMPS, 5 to 60 mole-percent of styrene, and residual acrylic acid are also suitable for well cementing operations [253]. 

Copolymers or terpolymers of acrylic acid, which contain from 5 to 50 mole-percent of sulfoethyl acrylamide, acrylamide and sulfoethyl acrylamide, ethyl acrylate and sulfoethyl acrylamide, acrylamide and sulfophenyl acrylamide, and acrylamide and sulfomethyl acrylamide, are claimed to be calcium-tolerant deflocculants for drilling fluids [704]. In general, 0.1 to 2 lb of polymer per barrel of drilling fluid is sufficient to prevent flocculation of the additives in the drilling fluid. 

A terpolymer can be obtained from a water-soluble nonionic monomer, such as acrylamide a cationic monomer, such as 3-acrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride and a hydrophobic monomer, such as an alkyl-acrylamide... 

Fig. 3 IR Spectra of Butadiene (BD)-Acrylonitrile(AN)-Acrylamid-oxime (AX) Terpolymer Exposed to Methanesulfonyl Fluoride (MSF) and Dimethyl Methylphosphonate (DMMP) Simulants.

More or less similar behavior has been observed (8) in the blends of the copolymer or the terpolymer with the following bis-A polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, poly (ethyl methacrylate), and a terpolymer made from methyl methacrylate, N,N -dimethyl acrylamide, and N-phenyl-maleimide. Because of this unique miscibility characteristic of the a-methyl styrene interpolymers, an attempt was made at compati-bilizing polyarylethers with the interpolymers by attaching pendant chemical groups known to exist in systems with which the interpolymers are miscible. 

Block terpolymers prepared by Cheng [5] consisting of poly(A-isopropyl acrylamide-b-polyethyleneoxide-b-A-isopropyl acrylamide), (II), were effective as thermally reversible gels and used as subcutaneous implants, joint or tissue spacers, and biological filler for wrinkles or cosmetic implants. Methacrylamide analogues were prepared by Gutowska [6]. 

Statistical copolymers were reported for N-vinylimidazole and 13b [50], for acrylamide with 9a [11], 9b [12], and 9c [13], and for terpolymers of acrylamide, sodium acrylate, and 9b [51]. Several hydrolytically stable am-monioacetate and pyridiniocarboxylate monomers based on isobutylene with variable length of hydrophobic side chains did not homopolymerize, but these monomers with surfactant properties are suited for copolymerization with electron-poor monomers [52]. 

---