Acquisition phase

Response (FIR) filters have been implemented in the FPGA. Finally, the in-phase and quadrature signal pair is stored in a memory, also built inside the FPGA, according to the acquisition phase indicated by the pulse programmer. 

A few studies involving amphetamine suggested improved learning and memory performance. These effects presumably may be attributed to improved alertness during the acquisition phase (Chapter 7). 

Psychostimulants have produced inconsistent effects on tests of cognition. Several studies have investigated the effect of cocaine on a test of repeated acquisition and performance of response sequences. In the acquisition component, subjects attempt to learn by trial and error a predetermined sequence of 10 numbers within 20 trials. Subjects learn a new sequence each time they perform the test. In the performance component, the response sequence remains constant throughout the experiment, and thus subjects repeat an already learned sequence. Two studies have reported no effect of either intranasal (IN) or IV cocaine on the test.37 40 However, Higgins et al.51 reported that cocaine (96 mg, IN) decreased response rate during the acquisition phase and increased response accuracy during the performance component. In a similar serial acquisition procedure, cocaine has been shown to have no effect.52 53... 

Marijuana has been shown to impair learning in the repeated acquisition and performance of response sequences tasks. Increased errors in the acquisition phase were reported after smoked marijuana (2.0 and 3.5% THC)244 and oral THC (10 and 20 mg) 247 However, other studies40,52 have found no effect of smoked marijuana on this test, and one study251 reported that oral THC (20 mg, q.i.d.) increased the number of completed trials. Block et al.233 reported that one marijuana cigarette (2.6% THC) impaired paired-associative learning. 

Total acquisition time has been further reduced with the development of half-ramp SPRITE. During a conventional SPRITE acquisition, phase encode gradients vary from -G to G and a full line of Ar-space is sampled during each magnetization cycle. As Ac-space data is assembled point by point. 

All two dimensional experiments use essentially the same data reduction process. Several years ago the data acquisition phase of 2D experiments was usually the shortest, with double transformation requiring up to several hours followed by, again, comparable plotting time. Off-line data processing was often used for faster processing, but this severely limited any widespread use of 2D methods. 

In a normal pulsed NMR experiment, the 90° excitation pulse is followed immediately by a data acquisition phase in which the FID is recorded and the data are stored in the computer. In experiments that use complex pulse sequences, such as DEPT, a preparation phase is included before data acquisition. During the preparation phase, the nuclear magnetization vectors are allowed to process, and information may be exchanged between magnetic nuclei. In other words, a given nucleus may become encoded with information about the spin state of another nucleus which may be nearby. 

To examine the possible cause-effect relationship between human exposure to Pfiesteria-detived materials and the reported neurobehavioral impairments, a rat model was developed [89]. Using a radial-arm maze, learning and memory was examined in rats exposed to Pfiesteria extracts. Although it was proposed that individuals were affected by Pfiesteria toxin(s) most likely by breathing aerosol in the estuarine environment, possible ingesting of water, or by transdermal absorption by direct contact with contaminated water, the actual route(s) of exposure remained uncertain. Therefore, the subcutaneous injection of Pfiesteria cells or toxic bioassay aquarium water to experimental animals was chosen to ensure the delivery of a reliable toxin dose. Abnormal behaviors caused by injection of the abovementioned Pfiesteria-demed materials were reported to be relatively specific to the acquisition phase in the training procedure. When rats were pretrained, Pfiesteria treatment did not affect performance. Nevertheless, factor(s) affecting rat performance in the radial-arm maze remain unknown, because the purified Pfiesteria toxin has not been available. 

Figure 5.2 A model of the learning curve built into the CPE assay. During the acquisition phase, the level of the CR increased up to a maximum value at the third conditioning trial (A). This value is an indicator of the bee s ability to get conditioned properly, and can be compared according to the treatments. During the extinction phase, the level of the CR slowly decreased, back to the initial level of spontaneous response (B). This expresses the resistance of the bee s response to successive presentations of the unrewarded CS. Values in T1 and T5 are commonly used to compare responses of bees subjected to different treatments.

The extinction process, when the CS is delivered alone, can also be used to indicate potential effects of toxic compounds. The acquisition phase shows the ability of treated animals to learn the temporal relation between the US and the CS, whereas the extinction phase indicates their resistance to extinguish the response to a CS no longer associated with a reward. Ingestion of dicofol [34], endosulfan [35, 46], imidacloprid, and hydroxy-imidacloprid [48] significantly reduced the level of conditioned responses in both acquisition and extinction phases. By contrast, the response level was not reduced in bees conditioned prior to an exposure to permethrin... 

Fig. 9. Images of spectral acquisition phases on fresh berries and on homogenized samples.

Computationally important properties of the Fourier analysis were discussed by Ernst at quite an early stage. For example, when combined with Hilbert transforms, the Kramers-Kronig relation between the real and imaginary components of complex data makes it possible to apply post-acquisition phase corrections. Ernst made some proposals for an automatic phase correction algorithm, but this kind of method was only routinely used after the developments made by Levitt and Freeman. - Note that compared with phase problems, the use of power... 

Reverse Engineering (RE) is used to acquire the model geometry and shape when product drawings are not available and/or component details have been modified, typically for prototyping purposes. This approach is divided into an acquisition phase to obtain a measured point cloud, through the direct 3D digitizing of the object, and an elaboration phase to rebuild the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and/or a Solid-to-Layer (STL) model. 

The presented model can be used as a tool for assessing availability of critical systems, in favor of an appropriate sizing of teams (operational phase) and definition of parameters needed to achieve the reliability or desired levels of redundancy (design phase), depending on the availability requirements of the systems (acquisition phase). 

From 2007 to 2010 most of the effort (including S T support) focused on Phase 3, which had progressed to First Pass. By early November 2007, there was confusion around how to manage the three Phase 3 sub-systems, which were not integrated per se but were all contained in a single acquisition phase. The solution to this was to split Phase 3 initially into the following sub-phases ... 

After spectra acquisition, phase and baseline correction, data treatment for quantification was performed. Four methods of peak integration with the same integration borders (glucose fium 5.3 to 5.15 ppm, fructose firom the beginning of the multiplet to the end of the shoulder of the multiplet at 4.1 ppm, and sucrose fium 5.5 to 5.3 ppm) were... 

The LCA results show that the total global warming potential impacts range in 6.3-10 kg CO2/GJ, acidification potential in 46.6 - 70 g SO2/GJ, eutrophication in 2.1 - 3.1 g phosphate/GJ, and photochemical oxidant in 0.99 - 1.5 g C2H4/GJ. It is also shown that the major part of emissions comes from the raw material acquisition phase (around... 

The DIN EN 62541-9 standard [4] is a detailed and formal description of alarms using a specific modelling language. It gains its advantage by its exemplary models, which illustrate the formal concepts. Properties not covered include the lack of the information acquisition phase, selected focus on safety incidents, as well as lack of user specific design concepts. 

There is a copy of DAR resident in memory for each GC-MS system. This is to assure quick response during the data acquisition phase. The remaining analysis and control programs are disc resident and are swapped in and out of memory, as needed, on a priority basis. Time spent in DAR is dead time for data collection. When... 

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