Aconitum Chinese

Aconitum fischeri Reichb., or fischer s monkshood, American aconite, bao ye vuu tou, or vou tou (Chinese), is an herb that grows to a height of 1.6 m tall in China, Korea,... 

Distribution of alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicinal plants, 32, 241 (1988) Diterpenoid alkaloids Aconitum, 7, 473 (1960), 12, 2 (1970)... 

Peng, C. S., Chen, D. L., Chen Q. H. and Wang, F. P. 2005. New diterpenoid alkaloids from roots of Aconitum sinomontanum. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 25 1235-1239. 

Mesaconitine was first isolated (103) in 1929 and occurs in a large number of Aconitum species (1). Recent reports describe its isolation from A. japonicum (104), A. mitakense (101), A. aUaicum Steinb. (105), and A. carmichalei (the Chinese drug Chuan-wu) (73). It has long been known that mesaconitine differs from aconitine only in that the former has an iV -methyl whereas the latter has an JV-ethyl (1). Both alkaloids produce oxonitine (CXXXIII) from permanganate oxidation. Hence, since the structure of aconitine has been established as CXXI, mesaconitine follows as CCV. 

From the roots of the Chinese drug Tzu-tsao-wu, Aconitum a new alkaloid called delavaconitine has been isolated 167). The molecular formula is C30H41NO6 and saponification gives benzoic acid and the alkylamine, delavaconine. A triacetyl derivative of the latter was prepared as well as a monoacetyl derivative of delavaconitine. It is proposed that the base contains an iV-ethyl, a benzoyloxy group, two hydroxyl groups, and two methoxyl groups. 

Mesaconitine was first isolated in 1929 (29). This alkaloid occurs in a large number of Aconitum species reported in the earlier review (1). It has also been isolated from A. japonicum (29), A. mitakense (27), A. altaicum Steinb. (30), and the Chinese drug known as Chuan-Wu (14) ( . carmi-chalei). The structure of mesaconitine as 12 was based on the structure of aconitine. Because mesaconitine differs from aconitine only in possessing an JV-methyl instead of an N-ethyl group, the structure of mesaconitine must now be revised to 13. 

Fujita, Y, K. Terui, M. Fujita, et al. 2007. Five cases of aconite poisoning Toxicokinetics of aconitines. /. Anal. Toxicol. 31(3) 132-137. Kolev, S.T., P. Leman, G.C. Kite, et al. 1996. Toxicity following accidental ingestion of Aconitum containing Chinese remedy. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 15(10) 839-842. 

The dried tubers of Aconitum plants (Ranunculaceae) are known as U-zu or Bu-shi in Japan, and are used in Kampo medicine (formerly regarded as a form of traditional Chinese medicine). The crude drug is known to contain very poisonous aconitine-type alkaloids (Section 14.4). On the other hand, the methanol extract of the tubers of Anhalonium carmi-chaeli showed hypertensive activity against rats by intravenous injection. The active component was identified as the phenylethylamine-type alkaloid... 

Bao Y, Yang F, Yang X (2011) CE-electrochemiluminescence with ionic liquid forthe facile separation and determination of diester-diterpenoid aconitum alkaloids in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Electrophoresis 32 1515-1521. doi 10.1002/elps.201100040... 

Preparations from Aconitum plants have been used in traditional Chinese medicine as cardiotonics, febrifuges, sedatives, and antirheumatics [22]. They have also been used in traditional medicine of some ex-USSR countries for the treatment of cancer, rheumatism, etc. [18, 23]. Aconitum plants were introduced in the medicine of European countries in the nineteenth century. Leaves and roots of Aconitum and aconitine powder were included in the British Pharmaceutical Codex (01911) [24], French Pharmacopoeia (9th edition) [25], and USSR Pharmacopoeia (8th edition) [26] and were applied to relieve neuralgic pain, especially in the face, to allay the pain of sciatica and acute rheumatism. Because of extreme toxicity, aconitine was replaced later by less-toxic anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents in European countries presently, the use of Aconitum plants is limited to the homeopathic medicine [27, 28]. On the contrary, in many Asiatic countries, aconitine-containing plants still remain one of the most popular remedies, and more and more new, naturally occurring or semisynthetic molecules from Aconitum species are introduced in medical use. Eor example, lappaconitine found in several Aconitum species, bulleyaconitine isolated from A. bulleyanum, and crassicauline A isolated from A. crassicaule were introduced in the official Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and for local anesthesia [29, 30]. 

In spite of various and detailed studies of Aconitum alkaloids, very little information is available on their antitumor activity. De Ines et al. [46] have screened 43 Ci9-diterpenoid alkaloids on CT26 (murine colon adenocarcinoma), SW480 (human colon adenocarcinoma), HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma), SK-MEL-25 and SK-MEL-28 (human melanomas), and on the non-tumor cell line CHO (Chinese hamster ovary cells). Several compotmds (neoline, 8-0-methylco-lumbianine, 18-0-demethylpubescenine, lycoctonine, acetylajadine, etc.) exhibit... 

Yan G, Sun H, Sun W, Zhao L, Meng X, Wang X. Rapid and global detection and characterization of aconitum alkaloids in Yin Chen Si Ni Tang, a traditional Chinese medical formula, by ultra performance liquid chromatography—high resolution mass spectrometry and automated data analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010 53 421—31. 

---