Acids chemical incompatibilities

Industrial process contamination results in Cross-contamination Malodors and discoloration Sticky films and varnishes Stable foams Chemical incompatability Impingement corrosion Fluctuating pH/acid corrosion... 

A detailed strategy for the approach to safety testing is provided in Chapter 2 (Figures 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5) and in Chapter 3 (Figure 3.4). These schemes are directed to the investigation of thermal instabilities, chemical incompatibilities, including acid, water, and oxygen incompatibility, and other factors important to potential unstable behavior. 

Chemical Incompatibility Hazards While N2 and C02 may act as inerts with respect to many combustion reactions, they are far from being chemically inert. Only the noble gases (eg., Ar and He) can, for practical purposes, be regarded as true inerts. Frank (Frank, Inerting for Explosion Prevention, Proceedings of the 38th Annual Loss Prevention Symposium, AIChE, 2004) lists a number of incompatibilities for N2, C02, and CO (which can be present in gas streams from combustion-based inert gas generators). Notable incompatibilities for N2 are lithium metal and titanium metal (which is reported to burn in N2). C02 is incompatible with many metals (eg., aluminum and the alkali metals), bases, and amines, and it forms carbonic acid in water,... 

In firework manufacture the use of gunpowder for priming pressed compositions containing chlorates can also be questioned on the grounds of chemical incompatibility. Sulfuric acid is known to react with chlorates to form chloric acid, HCIO3, which would be avoided by the use of sulfurless gunpowder. 

Separate acids from incompatible materials such as bases, active metals (ex. sodium, magnesium, potassium) and from chemicals which can generate toxic gases when combined (ex. sodium cyanide and iron sulfide). 

Addition of chemicals without careful consideration may break an emulsion. An emulsion prepared with ionic surfactants should not be mixed with chemically incompatible materials of opposite charge. The pH of the emulsion should be alkaline if the emulsion is made with alkali soaps. At an acidic pH, the carboxylate ion of the soap is converted to the carboxylic acid, which is not water-soluble and an emulsifying agent. An alkali-soap stabilized O/W-type emulsion may be inverted to a W/O-type emulsion by adding a divalent electrolyte. The carboxylate ion reacts with the divalent electrolyte to form an alkali earth soap that is an oil-soluble surfactant. Addition of a common electrolyte to an emulsion prepared with ionic surfactants suppresses the ionization according to the Le Chatelier rule (e.g., ammonium oleate and ammonium chloride). The presence of noninteractive electrolytes in the emulsions alters the polar nature of the interfacial film. For example, the... 

SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mildly toxic by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation muscle contractions and spasticity, conjunctiva irritation, and unspecified respiratory changes. An irritant and narcotic in high concentrations. See also ESTERS, n-BUTYL ALCOHOL, and FORMIC ACID. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, foam, CO2, dry chemical. Incompatible with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid and irritating fumes. 

A formulation can contain more than one active ingredient to increase the efficacy range per application. This reduces labor time, because fewer sprajdngs are necessary than with separate spra3dngs of single pesticide formulations. A similar result is achieved when several products are mixed directly before application (tank mixes). However, the products of the different formulations must be compatible. For instance, oil- and water-based products cannot be mixed and would lead to phase separation. Chemical incompatibility can occur as result of reaction of acids with bases or hydrolysis of pH sensitive compounds. 

Erythorbic acid is incompatible with chemically active metals such as aluminum, copper, magnesium, and zinc. It is also incompatible with strong bases and strong oxidizing agents. 

Sodium stearyl fumarate is supplied in a pure form and is often of value when the less pure stearate-type lubricants are unsuitable owing to chemical incompatibility. Sodium stearyl fumarate is less hydrophobic than magnesium stearate or stearic acid and has a less retardant effect on tablet dissolution than magnesium stearate. A specification for sodium stearyl fumarate is contained in the Food Ghemicals Godex (FGC). 

BIS (HYDROXYMETHYL)-l,3-PROPANEDIOL (115-77-5) CsHuO Combustible solid. Dust cloud forms explosive mixture with air (flash point unlsnown autoignition temp 842°F/450°C). Incompatible with organic acids, oxidizers. Incompatible with thiophosphoryl chloride + heat (forms an explosive material). On small fires, use dry chemical powder (such as Purple-K-Powder), water spray, or COj extinguishers. 

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