Acids antacids

Decreased gastric acidity (antacids, acid-inhibitors), lack in personal hygiene, decreased intestinal motility (opiates, antiperistaltic agents), a disturbed enteric microflora and malnutrition are risk factors for a GTI. In contrast, breast-feeding reduces GTI incidence in infants. 

One mole of magnesium hydroxide is required to remove 2 mol of hydrochloric acid. Antacids related to this are Amphogel [Al(OH)3] and Maalox [a combination of Mg (OH) 2 and A1(0H)3]. In the case of aluminum hydroxide, each mole of Al(OH)3 can remove three moles of acid. 

An acid-base reaction is what you need. You know that bases react with acids to diminish, or neutralize, their properties. In this case, the property of interest is the irritating action of too much acid on your stomach lining. The bases that compose commercial products used to treat acid stomachs are called anti-acids—antacids for short— just for this reason. 

Adenine arabinoside-vidarabinc Adriamycin-doxorubicin AH 3923-salmefamol Albucid-sulfacetamide Alka seltzer, comb acetylsalicy-lic acid, antacids Alphaderm-sorbitan lauratc Amipaque-metrizamide AN 488-mazindol Aquacare-urea Azaphcn-azafcn... 

Magnesium oxide is an effective nonsystemic antacid, ie, it is converted to the hydroxide. It does not neutralize gastric acid excessively nor does it hberate carbon dioxide. The light form is preferable to the heavy for adininistration in Hquids because it is suspended more readily. One gram of magnesium oxide neutralizes 87 mL of 0.1 NUCl in 10 min, and 305 mL in 2 h. 

Hydrogen chloride in air can also be a phytotoxicant (88). Tomatoes, sugar beets, and fmit trees of the Pmnus family are sensitive to HCl in air. Exposure of concentrated hydrochloric acid to the skin can cause chemical bums or dermatitis. Whereas the irritation is noticed readily, the acid can be water flushed from the exposed area. Copious use of miming water is the only recommended safety procedure for any external exposure. Ingestion is seldom a problem because hydrochloric acid is a normal constituent of the stomach juices. If significant quantities are accidentally swallowed, it can be neutrali2ed by antacids. 

Ketoconazole. For treatment of systemic mycoses with amphotericin B or miconazole, the patient must be admitted to a hospital. This is not always possible, particularly in areas where systemic mycoses occur frequently, nor is it always desirable, because of the expense. For these reasons, it was desirable to find an antimycotic that combined safety and broad-spectmm activity with oral adraiinistration. Ketoconazole (10), which is orally active, met most of these requirements. This inhibitor of the ergosterol biosynthesis is an A/-substituted imidazole, that differs from its precursors by the presence of a dioxolane ring (6,7). Ketoconazole is rapidly absorbed in the digestive system after oral adrninistration. Sufficient gastric acid is required to dissolve the compound and for absorption. Therefore, medication that affects gastric acidity (for example, cimetidine and antacids) should not be combined with ketoconazole. 

Stomach acid is approximately 0.020 M HC1. What volume of this add is neutralized by an antacid tablet that weighs 330 mg and contains 41.0% Mg(OH)2, 36.2% NaHCOj, and 22.8% NaCl The reactions involved are... 

Chemical changes in the cellular environment include inactivation of cellular functions or the alteration of the chemical components of body fluid, such as a change in the pH. For example, antacids neutralize gastric acidity in patients with peptic ulcers. 

KETOCONAZOLE This drug is given with food to minimize gastrointestinal irritation. Tablets may be crushed. Ketoconazole is absorbed best in an acid environment. Do not administer antacids, anticholinergics, or histamine blockers until at least 2 hours after ketoconazole is given. 

The absorption of oral iron is decreased when tlie agent is administered with antacids, tetracyclines, penicillamine, and the fluoroquinolones. When iron is administered with levothyroxine, there may be a decrease in tlie effectiveness of levothyroxine When administered orally, iron deceases the absoqition of lev-odopa. Ascorbic acid increases tlie absoqition of oral iron. Iron dextran administered concurrently with chloramphenicol increases serum iron levels. 

The following drugp have a decreased pharmacologic effect when administered with an antacid corticosteroids, digoxin, chlorpromazine, oral iron products, isoniazid, phenothiazines, ranitidine, phenytoin, valproic acid, and the tetracyclines. 

Taking too much antacid may cause file stomach to secrete excess stomach acid. Consult file primary care provider or pharmacist about appropriate dose Do not use the maximum dose for more than 2 weeks, except under file supervision of a primary care provider. 

This electrolyte plays a vital role in the acid-base balance of the body. Bicarbonate may be given IV as sodium bicarbonate (NaHC03) in the treatment of metabolic acidosis, a state of imbalance that may be seen in diseases or situations such as severe shock, diabetic acidosis, severe diarrhea, extracorporeal circulation of blood, severe renal disease, and cardiac arrest. Oral sodium bicarbonate is used as a gastric and urinary alkalinizer. It may be used as a single drug or may be found as one of the ingredients in some antacid preparations. It is also useful in treating severe diarrhea accompanied by bicarbonate loss. 

Sodium bicarbonate is used as a leavening in breads, as a stomach antacid, as a buffering agent to adjust the acidity or alkalinity of a product, as a mild abrasive in toothpaste, and as an odor absorber. Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids to release carbon dioxide gas. 

Sodium hydrogen carbonate is a common ingredient in antacid remedies. Using information from the equation for the reaction, explain how this chemical could relieve a stomach that contains excess acid. 

Explain the difference between using antacids 2. Explain why neutralization of soil is important and acid inhibitors in the treatment of excess in the agricultural economy,... 

Antacid/alginic acid (Gaviscon) 2 tablets or 1 5 mL after meals and at bedtime AND/OR C. Patient-directed therapy Over-the-counter H2RAs (each taken up to twice daily) - Cimetidine 200 mg - Lamotidine 1 0 mg - Nizatidine 75 mg - Ranitidine 75 mg OR Over-the-counter PPI (taken once daily) - Omeprazole 20 mg agent. 

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