Aliphatic polycarboxylic acids

Without doubt the main interest here lies in the oscillating reactions involving bromate (the Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction), i.e., the catalytic oxidative bromination with acidic bromate of (usually) aliphatic polycarboxylic acids or polyketones. The best-studied system involves malonic acid and a catalyst, usually cerium. The oxidation of Ce(III) by acidic bromate is inhibited periodically by bromide whenever the concentration of bromide exceeds a critical value. 

Cobalt in Catalysis. Over 40% of the cobalt in nonmetaUic appHcations is used in catalysis. About 80% of those catalysts are employed in three areas (/) hydrotreating/desulfurization in combination with molybdenum for the oil and gas industry (see Sulfurremoval and recovery) (2) homogeneous catalysts used in the production of terphthaUc acid or dimethylterphthalate (see Phthalic acid and otherbenzene polycarboxylic acids) and (i) the high pressure oxo process for the production of aldehydes (qv) and alcohols (see Alcohols, higher aliphatic Alcohols, polyhydric). There are also several smaller scale uses of cobalt as oxidation and polymerization catalysts (44—46). 

A one-pot reaction has been developed for the reduction of aldehydes, ketones, and primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols into their corresponding alkyl function using either diethylsilane or n-butylsilane as the reducing agent in the presence of the Lewis acid catalyst tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane carbon-carbon double bonds remain unaffected.366 Aliphatic and aromatic polycarboxylic acids are also conveniently reduced to their corresponding alkanes using the same reagents and catalyst.367... 

Further examples of reactions of aliphatic and alicyclic polycarboxylic acids with sulfur ictra-fluoride or sulfur tetrafluoride/hydrogen fluoride are known.The reaction of aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids with sulfur tetrafluoride can give different products depending on the reaction conditions, the position of the hydroxy group, and the presence of other substituents. The main products from a-hydroxycarboxylic acids are trifluoroalkyl fluorosulfites, e.g. 19, which can be hydrolyzed quantitatively to the corresponding alcohols. ... 

Mixtures of aliphatic polyamino-polycarboxylic acids with molecular weights between 300 to 700. 

Leonard, E.C. The higher aliphatic di- and polycarboxylic acids. Fatty Acids E.H. Pryde, Ed. AOCS Press Champaign, IL, 1980 pp. 504-526. 

Table 13.8 presents chemical compounds that have been identified as primary organic aerosol components (Rogge et al., 1991, 1993a-e) together with their annual average ambient mass concentrations in the Los Angeles air basin. These ambient concentrations are the cumulative results of a variety of primary sources and secondary aerosol production. Normal alkanoic acids, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, and aromatic polycarboxylic acids are... 

For solidification of epoxy oligomers, numerous substances are produced, such as aliphatic polyamines, aromatic amines, dicyanoamines and their derivatives, the anhydrides of di- and polycarboxylic acids, as well as a number of catalysts for solidification. These substances impart a large variety of technological properties to epoxy oligomers. Some properties of the main solidification agents produced worldwide are listed in Table 8 [229-231]. 

SemelovA M, Cuba V, John J, Miicka V (2008) Radiolysis of oxalic and citric acid using gamma rays and accelerated electrons. Radiat Phys Chem 77 884-888 Negrdn-Mendoza A, Ramos BS (1993) Estudio sobre la radolisis del acido citrico y sus implicaciones en procesos de evolucion quimica. Rev Soc Quim Mexico 37 167-173 Simic M, Neta P, Hayon E (1969) Pulse radiolysis of aliphatic acids in aqueous solution. II. Hydroxy and polycarboxylic acids. J Phys Chem 73 4214 219... 

R (C4He)xC02H + (Me6HC%N)3P0 - cat. effect, polymerization mechanism (2206). Y(C02H)n - (Bu3Sn02C)nY aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (I515. I765, 1793, 2966), benzene polycarboxylic acids (572, 1795, 2619). 

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