Neat aliphatic acid

The 1,4,6-trioxo compound 131, which is unaffected by refluxing trifluoroacetic anhydride, has been acylated by higher-boiling anhydrides of aliphatic acids. A 37% yield of the 2-acetyl derivative is obtained using neat refluxing acetic anhydride, but the other anhydrides had to be diluted with dimethylformamide to dissolve the trioxo compound. This compound has been acylated to give the lauroyl derivative 132 by treatment with lauroyl chloride in refluxing xylene. ... 

Most mesogenic salts derived from aliphatic acids, (R-COO) M (R = alkyl (normal and branched) or alkenyl M=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH4, Tl, Pb or other metal) form layered structures (lamellar phases, neat phases) that are similar to smectic A phases. However, mesogenic salts form double layers and are not miscible with smectic A phases [276]. Some of the materials show very complicated polymorphism with a large number of mesophases [276-279]. In general, the transition temperatures of the salts are quite high compared with those of nonpolar liquid crystals. Most of the salts can also form lyotropic liquid crystals. 

Under optimized conditions regarding the choice of Br0nsted acid (mandelic acid 20), stoichiometry (1 1 ratio 9 and mandelic acid 20), solvent (the respective alcohol neat conditions), temperature (rt or 50°C), and catalyst loading (lmol% 9 and lmol% mandelic acid 20) electron-rich and electron-deficient styrene oxides underwent alcoholysis with simple aliphatic, stericaUy demanding as well as unsaturated and acid-labile alcohols. The completely regioselective (>99%) alcoholysis was reported to produce the corresponding P-aUcoxy alcohols 1-10 in moderate (41%) to good (89%) yields without noticeable decomposition or polymerization reactions of acid-labile substrates (Scheme 6.27). Notably, aU uncatalyzed reference experiments showed no conversion even after two weeks under otherwise identical conditions. 

The carboxyl group of the sialic acid interacts with three arginine residues, Arg 115, Arg 291 and Arg 373. The acetyl group fits neatly into a hydrophobic pocket formed by Tip 176, He 220 and the aliphatic parts of Arg 149 and Arg 222, with an additional hydrogen bond of the carbonyl oxygen to Arg 149. 

Chem. Descrip. Aliphatic hydrocarbon resin Uses Resin for adhesives, rubber, paints/coatings process aid Properties Neat resin dens. 9.0 Ib/gal m.p. (R B) 100 C acid no. < 1 iodine no. 130 70% solids in toluene Gardner 9 color vise. (Gardner) 5... 

Early work by Littman and Erode established that it was possible to vary the amino constituent of the Betti reaction. It has subsequently been shown that a wide variety of amines are suitable, depending on the reaction conditions. Indeed, primary and secondary aliphatic amines, aromatic amines and heteroaromatic amines have been used. For example, morpholine (17) was a suitable substrate for a Betti reaction when the reaction constituents were neat in the presence of a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid under microwave irradiation. This reaction protocol is especially notable for its fast reaction rates, with the products obtained after only one minute of irradiation. Other useful reaction procedures to form diverse Betti bases have also been reported including the use of water as a solvent,and the addition of nonionic surfactants to the reaction mixture. In addition to variation of the amine component, a number of alternative aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes are suitable substrates. Finally, although most of the examples in the literature focus on 2-naphthol, a few alternatives have been reported, including the use of 8-quinolinol. ... 

Frontal polymerization works with a wide variety of systems and has been demonstrated with neat liquid monomers such as methacrylic acid, (d, 8-10) n-butyl acrylate (10), styrene, methyl methacrylate, and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (77). Fronts can also be performed with solid monomers such as acrylamide (with initiator) (72) or transition metal nitrate acrylamide complexes (without initiator) (75). Pojman et al. demonstrated frontal polymerization of acrylamide, methacrylic acid and acrylic acid, each in dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethyl formamide (14). Frontal curing of epoxy resins has been demonstrated with aliphatic curing agents (75). 

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