Achromobacter strain

L-alanine can be prepared from aspartic acid (Figure A8.13). L-Aspartate-(5-decarboxylase produced by Xanthomonas oryzae No 531 has been used to prepared L-alanine in 95% yield from 15% L-aspartic add solution. Other strains, ie Pseudomonas dacunhae or Achromobacter pestifer, give comparable yields of L-alanine. The process has been commercialised by Tanabe. 

Both 2-hydroxy- and 3-hydroxypyridine are hydroxylated to 2,5-dihydroxypyridine by strains of Achromobacter sp. (Houghton and Cain 1972). These metabolites are probably, however, formed by different reactions whereas 3-hydroxypyridine behaves as a true pyridine, addition of H2O across the Cg Nj bond would produce the 2,5-dihydroxy compound 2-hydroxypyridine is a cyclic amide and hydroxylation apparently occurs at the diagonal position. The degradation of 4-hydroxypyridine is also initiated by hydroxylation and is followed by dioxygenation before ring fission (Figure 10.12) (Watson et al. 1974). 

Oilseed rape (Canola) Monsanto/1995 EPSPS, glyphosate oxidoreductase (GOX) Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, Achromobacter sp. strain LBAA Tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate... 

In addition to the cultures identified for quinoline degradation, pyridine degraders were also found, namely Agrobacterium sp., Nocardia sp. strain PNO, Achromobacter sp., Rhodococcus opacus, and Arthrobacter crystallopoietes. The strain Alcaligenes sp. strain IN3 was reported to metabolize indole. 

Sud et al. (1972) discovered that a strain of Achromobacter sp. utilized carbaryl as the sole source of carbon in a salt medium. The organism grew on the degradation products 1-naphthol, hydroquinone, and catechol. 1-Naphthol, a metabolite of carbaryl in soil, was recalcitrant to degradation by a bacterium tentatively identified as an Arthrobacter sp. under anaerobic conditions (Ramanand et al., 1988a). Carbaryl or its metabolite 1-naphthol at normal and ten times the field application rate had no effect on the growth of Rhizobium sp. or Azotobacter chroococcum (Kale et al., 1989). The half-lives of carbaryl under flooded and nonflooded conditions were 13-14 and 23-28 d, respectively (Venkateswarlu et al., 1980). 

The blue protein from A. faecalis strain S-6, which was isolated as a requirement for transferring electrons to a copper-containing nitrite reductase, has since been shown to have sequence homology with proteins arbitrarily designated pseudoazurin by Ambler and Tobari (1985), from Achromobacter cycloclastes and from Pseudomonas AMI. [Pseudomonas AMI also produces amicyanin, which is the recipient of electrons from methylamine dehydrogenase, (see below)]. In A. cycloclastes reduced pseudoazurin donates electrons to a copper nitrite reductase (Liu et ai, 1986), as it does in A. faecalis. Ambler and Tobari (1985)... 

A uridine 5 -(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranosyl pyrophosphate) dehydrogenase has been obtained in partially purified form from extracts of a strain of Achromobacter georgiopolitanum.367 The product 90b was found to be a competitive inhibitor of the reaction when the concentration of the substrate (89b) was varied such inhibition should occur if the kinetic mechanism of the reaction is similar to that of the dehydrogenase of 89a. Substitution of 89a for 89b, or of NAD phosphate (NADP ) for NAD , is possible, but results in a 10-fold decrease of the reaction rate. 

DQ412673 Achromobacter sp. strain NTIO aroA Inskeep et al. (2007)... 

The reduced species (arsenite) is more toxic than the oxidized species (arsenate) since it may react with sulfhydryl groups of cysteine in structure and enzyme proteins. Therefore oxidation of arsenite in (micro)organisms is an important protective mechanism which is described for various species of the genus Pseudomonas, Xantho-monas and Achromobacter. However, some bacteria are able to reduce arsenate to the more toxic form arsenite. This process is described for some strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Anabaena oscillaroides (Cullen and Reimer, 1989). 

Strain NT-10 belongs to a strongly supported lineage that includes the genera Alcaligenes, Bordetella, and Achromobacter but, due to the low bootstrap support, it is impossible to be more specific about its generic affiliation. The separation of Bordetella avium from the main Bordetella cluster affects the ability... 

Wort bacteria not belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae may be present in small numbers, such as species of Achromobacter, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas. They are more sensitive to pH and ethanol than the majority of the brewery enterobacterial strains. Still other bacteria may be present in sweet wort, sometimes in appreciable numbers, arising from the microbial flora of raw materials, particularly malt. Most of these bacteria fail to grow in the wort. 

Two distinct phases of bacterial sorption on to glass have been observed [78] the first reversible phase may be interpreted in terms of DLVO theory. Reversible sorption of a non-mobile strain (Achromobacter) decreased to zero as the electrolyte concentration of the media was increased, as would be expected. The second irreversible phase is probably the result of polymeric bridging between bacterial cell and the surface in contact with it. It is obviously not easy to apply colloid theory directly but the influence of factors such as ij/o, pH and additives can be predicted and experimentally confirmed. 

Kamal, A., Khanna, R., Kumar, C.G., Shaik, A.B. and Kumar, M.S. (2013) Anovel bacterial strain of Achromobacter sp. MTCC 5605 and a highly enantioselective epoxide hydrolase isolated therefrom. WO Patent 030851 A1 (Coimcil of Scientific Industrial Research, March 7,2013). 

Bacterial degraders as the base of an amperometric biosensor for the detection of anionic surfactants were investigated by Taranova et al. Several strains belonging to genera Pseudomonas and Achromobacter were characterized by their ability to degrade anionic surfactants they were tested as potential bases of microbial biosensors. For each strain the author studied the substrate specificity and stability of the sensor signals. Maximal signals were observed with anionic surfactants. The lower limit of detection for DS used as a model surfactant in the field was 1 pM for all strains. The microbial biosensor can extend the practical possibilities for rapid evaluation of surfactants in water media. 

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