Rhodococcus opacus

A strain of Rhodococcus opacus isolated by enrichment with chlorobenzene was able to grow at the expense of a wide range of halogenated compounds. These included 1,3- and 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,3- and 1,4-dibromobenzene, 2-, 3-, and 4-fluorophenol, 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 3- and 4-fluorobenzoate, and 3-chlorobenzoate (Zaitsev et al. 1995). 

Hydrocarbon tolerance has also been found in Gram-positive rhodococci. Tolerance to high concentrations of benzene has been demonstrated in a strain of Rhodococcus that is, in addition, tolerant of pHs in the range 2-10 (Paje et al. 1997). For Rhodococcus opacus, resistance to benzene, toluene,... 

Tsitko IV, GM Zaitsev, AG Lobanok, MS SaUdnoja-Salonen (1999) Effect of aromatic compounds on cellular fatty acid composition of Rhodococcus opacus. Appl Environ Microbiol 65 853-855. 

Whole cells of Rhodococcus opacus strain Icp were used to study the metabolism of fluorophenol isomers (Finkelstein et al. 2000), in which both fluorocatechols and fluoro-pyrogallols were produced (Figure 9.35a). Both 3- and 4-fluorophenol produced 5-fluoro-pyrogallol, which was transformed into 2-pyrone-4-fluoro-6-carboxylate (Figure 9.35b). 

FIGURE 9.36 Transformation of 2,3-difluorophenol by Rhodococcus opacus strain 135. (From Neilson, A.H. and Allard, A.-S., The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 3R, Springer Verlag, 2002, pp. 1-74. With permission.)... 

Finkelstein Zl, BP Baskunov, MG Boersma, J Vervoort, EL Golovlev, WJH van Berkel, LAA Gololeva, IMCM Rietjens (2000) Identification of fluoropyrogallols as new intermediates in biotransformation of monofluorophenols in Rhodococcus opacus 1 cp. Appl Environ Microbiol 66 2148-2153. 

Kitagawa W, N Kimura, Y Kamagata (2004) A novel p-nitrophenol degradation gene cluster from a Grampositive hact c mm Rhodococcus opacus SAOIOI. J Bacteriol 186 4894-4902. 

Isolated polynucleotide clusters from Rhodococcus opacus which encode four polypeptides possessing the activities of a NHase (a and /3 subunits), an auxiliary protein P15K that activates the NHase, and a cobalt transporter protein were expressed in Escherichia coli DSM 14459 cells [34]. Methionine nitrile was added continuously to a suspension of the transformant cells (5.6% w/v of wet cells) in phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.5) at 20 °C, at a rate where the nitrile concentration did not exceed 15 g L 1 while maintaining the pH constant at 7.5. After 320 min, the nitrile was completely converted into amide, corresponding to a final product concentration of 176 gL1.4-Methylthio-a-hydroxybutyramide is readily hydrolyzed with calcium hydroxide, where the calcium salt of 4-methylthio-a-hydroxybutyric acid (MHA) can be directly used as a nutritional supplement in animal feed as an alternative to methionine or MHA. 

In addition to the cultures identified for quinoline degradation, pyridine degraders were also found, namely Agrobacterium sp., Nocardia sp. strain PNO, Achromobacter sp., Rhodococcus opacus, and Arthrobacter crystallopoietes. The strain Alcaligenes sp. strain IN3 was reported to metabolize indole. 

Mirimanoff, N. and Wilkinson, K. J. (2000). Regulation of Zn accumulation by a freshwater gram-positive bacterium (Rhodococcus opacus), Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 616-622. 

Example 2 L-Amino Acid Oxidase from Rhodococcus opacus (Ceueke 2002a,b)... 

Examples of Biocatalyst Purification P 239 Table 8.5 Purification table for L-amino acid oxidase from Rhodococcus opacus. 

Bacterium Rhodococcus opacus erom Fundacao Tropical de Pesquisas e Tecnologia Andre Tosello, Sao Paulo... 

PZC/IEP of Bacterium Rhodococcus opacus Electrolyte T Method Instrument... 

Zaitsev, G.M., J.S. Uotila, I.V. Tsitko, A.G. Lobanok, and M.S. Salkinoja-Salonen. 1995. Utilization of halogenated benzenes, phenols, and benzoates by Rhodococcus opacus GM-14. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61 4191-4201. 

Waltermann M, Luftmann H, Baumeister D, Kalscheuer R, Steinbuchel A (2000) Rhodococcus opacus strain PD630 as a new source of high-valuesing-cell oil Isolation and characterization of triacylglycerols and other storage lipids. Microbiology 146 1143-1149... 

StyAl and StyA2B from Rhodococcus opacus ICP a multifunctional styrene monooxygenase system. J. Bacteriol.,... 

Duetz W.A., Fjallman A.H.M., Ren S., Jourdat C., Witholt B. Biotransformation of d-limonene to (-F)-frans-carveol by toluene-grown Rhodococcus opacus PWD4 Cells. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67 2829-2832 (2001). 

Alvarez HM, Kalscheuer R, Steinbuchel A (2000) Accumulation and mobilization of storage lipids by Rhodococcus opacus PD630 and Rhodococcus ruber NCIMB 40126. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 54(2) 218-223... 

Rhodococcus opacus 71D a-Aminonitriles (R)- or (S)-a-Amino acids" Multienzymatic synthesis of enantiopure a-amino acids [111,112]... 

Synthesis of (S)- and (/ )-a-amino acids using nitrile hydratase (NHase) from Rhodococcus opacus, a-amino-e-caprolactam racemase (ACL) from Achromobacter obae, and different amidases (amidase 1, o-amino-peptidase from Ochrobactrum anthropi amidase 2, i-amino acid amidase from Brevundimonas diminuta) [111, 112]. / =CH3, CH CH, CH3CH(CH3), CH3CH(CH3)CH2. 

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