Acetazolamide Sodium

Acetamidosalicylic acid, 994 Acetaminophen, 849 Acetmiilide, 312 Acetarsol, 313 Acetarsol sodium, 313 Acetarsone, 313 Acetate buffer (pH 5), 1169 Acetazolam, 313 Acetazolamide, 313 Acetazolamide sodium, 313 Acetazoleamide, 313 Acetcarbromal, 317 Acethydrocodone, 1007 Acetic acid, 314, 1169 (metabolite), 312, 851 Acetic acid, concentrated, 314 Acetic acid, dilute, 1169 Acetic acid, glacial, 314 Acetic aldehyde, 311 Acetic anhydride, 188 Acetic ether, 602 Acetohexamide, 314 Acetomenadione, 315 Acetomenaphthone, 315 Acetomorphine, 524... 

Acetamide, Acetazolamide Sodium, AK-Zol, Albox, AK-Zol, Dehydratin, Diamox, Diamox Sequels, Diamox Sodium, Ederen, Glauconox, Glaupax, Inidrase, Ledamox, Nephramid, Ocu-zolamide, Oratrol, Storzolamide)... 

Methenamine and methenamine mandelate are only effective as urinary antisepties if the pH is about 5.5 or lower, when formaldehyde is released. This is normally achieved by giving urinary acidifiers such as ammonium chloride, ascorbic acid, or sodium acid phosphate. In the case of methenamine hippurate, the acidification of the urine is achieved by the presence of hippuric acid. The concurrent use of substances that raise the urinary pH such as acetazolamide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium or sodium citrate is clearly contraindicated. Potassium citrate mixture BPC has been shown to raise the pH by more than 1 at normal therapeutic doses, thereby making the urine sufficiently alkaline to interfere with the activation of methenamine to formaldehyde. Some antacids (containing magnesium, aluminium or calcium as well as sodium bicarbonate mentioned above) can also cause a significant rise in the pH of the urine. ... 

Acetazolamide, B.P, Acetazolamide Sodium, U.S.P. Benoxinate Hydrochloride, U.S.P. Benzthiazide Carbimazole, B.P. 

Acetic anhydride Acetaminophen Acetazolamide Acetrizoate sodium Acetyl cysteine Acetyl sulfisoxazole Afloqualone... 

Phethenylate sodium Ammonium chloride Cyclofenil Methionine Ammonium sulfate Aminobenzoic acid Fibrinolysin Ammonium sulfamate Cyclamate calcium Ammonium thiocyanate Acetazolamide Clonidine HCl Tolonidine nitrate 2oxazo lamina d-Amphetamine Tanphetamin Ampicillin Mezlocillin Talampicillin... 

Acetazolamide Bucloxic acid Butalamine HCI Chlorotrianisene Chlorquinaldol Clenbuterol Diazoxide Enflurane Floxacillin Flucloronide Isoflurophate Lindane Methazolamide Metoclopramide HCI Oxacillin sodium Chloroacetaldehyde Benzthiazide... 

Acetazolamide is an aromatic sulfonamide used as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It facilitates production of alkahne urine with an elevated biocarbonate, sodium, and potassium ion concentrations. By inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, the drug suppresses reabsorption of sodium ions in exchange for hydrogen ions, increases reflux of bicarbonate and sodium ions and reduces reflux of chloride ions. During this process, chloride ions are kept in the kidneys to cover of insufficiency of bicarbonate ions, and for keeping an ion balance. Electrolytic contents of fluid secreted by the kidneys in patients taking carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are characterized by elevated levels of sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate ions and a moderate increase in water level. Urine becomes basic, and the concentration of bicarbonate in the plasma is reduced. 

Hypersensitivity to these agents depressed sodium or potassium serum levels marked kidney and liver disease or dysfunction suprarenal gland failure hyperchloremic acidosis adrenocortical insufficiency severe pulmonary obstruction with inability to increase alveolar ventilation since acidosis may be increased (dichlorphenamide) cirrhosis (acetazolamide, methazolamide) long-term use in chronic noncongestive angle-closure glaucoma. 

Acetazolamide inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, and interferes with the ability of the renal tubules to produce and secrete hydrogen ions. And, the diuretic action is due to the decreased sodium biocarbonate absorption in proximal tubules and diminished hydrogensodium exchange in the distal tubules. 

Excessive retention of sodium ions in the body leads to increased release of antidiuretic hormone and a resulting increase in body water. Many diuretics such as chlorothiazide (i) and clopamide (2) inhibit sodium and chloride ion resorption in the kidney tubules and promote potassium depletion, whereas amiloride (J) and triamterene ( 4) diminish the excretion of potassium while causing a loss of sodium ions6. Other diuretics such as acetazolamide (5) and dichlorphenamide (6) inhibit the ion-exchange reaction catalysed by the zinc-containing enzyme carbonic an-hydrase. 

Q6 Pilocarpine eyedrops are suitable. In severe conditions, in addition to the eyedrops, intravenous acetazolamide and intravenous hypertonic mannitol (an osmotic agent) may be used to reduce pressure. Acetazolamide prevents the actions of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body and inhibits bicarbonate synthesis. This causes reduction in sodium transport and aqueous humour formation since there is a link between bicarbonate and sodium transport. 

Gastrointestinal alkalinizing agents (sodium bicarbonate, etc.) and urinary alkalinizing agents (acetazolamide, some thiazides) increase amphetamine plasma levels and potentiate amphetamine s actions... 

The ophthalmic drugs that have been the most frequent causes of product liability and negligence claims are antiglaucoma drugs (i.e., acetazolamide, echothio-phate iodide) and steroids (i.e., hydrocortisone, dexa-methasone sodium phosphate, and prednisolone acetate). 

Acetazolamide alkaUnizes the urine and increases its volume. Urinary sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate concentrations rise, and chloride concentration falls. These effects are due to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the... 

A 12-month-old girl, weighing 10 kg, developed metabolic acidosis after taking 500-1250 mg of acetazolamide (26). The maximum base deficit recorded was 11.6. She was treated with sodium bicarbonate and recovered completely. 

Steele TFI, Manuel MA, Boner G. Diuretics, urate excretion and sodium reabsorption effect of acetazolamide and urinary alkali-nization. Nephron 1975 14 48-61. 

Acetazolamide can be used to inhibit the activity of carbonic anhydrase. Would treatment with this drug impair sodium transport only, chloride transport only, or both (See Tumberg et al, 1970.)... 

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