A Summary

6 Derivation of the Debye-Huckel theory from the simple Debye-Huckel model 

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Table 11.2 provides a summary of the main features of aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment. Aerobic treatment processes are generally restricted to BOD < 1000 mg/liter unless pure oxygen is used for aeration. 

We will recall briefly the different families of hydrocarbons without attempting to give a summary of a course in organic chemistry. The reader is particularly encouraged to refer to general reference works for information concerning the nomenclature and properties of these compounds (Lefebvre, 1978). 

Another approach to measurement of surface tension, density, and viscosity is the analysis of capillary waves or ripples whose properties are governed by surface tension rather than gravity. Space limitations prevent more than a summary presentation here readers are referred to several articles [123,124]. 

There is a large volume of contemporary literature dealing with the structure and chemical properties of species adsorbed at the solid-solution interface, making use of various spectroscopic and laser excitation techniques. Much of it is phenomenologically oriented and does not contribute in any clear way to the surface chemistry of the system included are many studies aimed at the eventual achievement of solar energy conversion. What follows here is a summary of a small fraction of this literature, consisting of references which are representative and which also yield some specific information about the adsorbed state. 

A summary of the studies perfonned on symmetrical compounds having a diacetylene group at the centre is given in [94]. Most of the materials studied in the context of LB films have been diyonic acids (figure C2.4.8). 

More details on this are given in Section V of the Carbonyl Programme, with a summary in frame 324. 

A summary of the tables is given below, while the tables with structural formulae, names, and approximate prices follow thereafter. 

A summary of physical prop erties of some representative carboxylic acids is presented in Appendix 1... 

A summary of oxidation-reduction half-reactions arranged in order of decreasing oxidation strength and useful for selecting reagent systems. 

Mizutani and colleagues reported the development of a new method for the analysis of 1-malate. As part of their study they analyzed a series of beverages using both their method and a standard spectrophotometric procedure based on a clinical kit purchased from Boerhinger Scientific. A summary follows of their results (in parts per million). 

Franke and co-workers evaluated a standard additions method for a voltammetric determination of Tl. A summary of their results is tabulated here. 

Inorganic Analysis The most important precipitants for inorganic cations are chromate, the halides, hydroxide, oxalate, sulfate, sulfide, and phosphate. A summary of selected methods, grouped by precipitant, is shown in Table 8.1. Many inorganic anions can be determined using the same reactions by reversing the analyte... 

The solution volume was held constant at 300 mb for all experiments. A summary of their results are shown in the following table... 

Control led-Potential Coulometry The majority of controlled-potential coulometric analyses involve the determination of inorganic cations and anions, including trace metals and halides. Table 11.8 provides a summary of several of these methods. 

Since the development of a method for polymer characterization has been spread over several sections and since the literature contains several variations in the manner data is displayed, a summary of some pertinent definitions and relationships will be helpful at this point ... 

A summary of the physical properties of glacial acetic acid is given in Table 5. ... 

Table 6 presents a summary of the oxidation—reduction characteristics of actinide ions (12—14,17,20). The disproportionation reactions of UO2, Pu , PUO2, and AmO are very compHcated and have been studied extensively. In the case of plutonium, the situation is especially complex four oxidation states of plutonium [(111), (IV), (V), and (VI) ] can exist together ia aqueous solution ia equiUbrium with each other at appreciable concentrations. 

Each year, EPA pubHshes a summary of air pollution emissions and air quaUty trends for the criteria pollutants (4). Table 1 contains the summary for 1989. U.S. emissions estimates for these pollutants are available back to 1940 (5). 

A summary of the current membrane cell technologies is provided in Table 13. 

Companies whose primary business is the production of ethylene derivatives, such as thermoplastics, tend to use ethane and propane feedstocks which minimise by-product streams and maximize ethylene production for their derivative plants. Table 1 provides a summary of the 1990 production quantity and value of primary olefins petrochemicals and olefin feedstocks in the United States. 

A detailed and weU-defined estimate of world phosphate resources and reserves was prepared in 1979 (105). A summary is presented in Table 14. 

The Brominated Flame Retardants Industry Panel (BFRIP) was formed ia 1985 within the Flame Retardant Chemicals Association (FRCA) to address such concerns about the use of decabromodiphenyl oxide. Siace 1990 the BFRIP has operated as a Chemical Self-Funded Technical Advocacy and Research (CHEMSTAR) panel within the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) (64). As of 1993, members of BFRIP are Ak2o, Amerihaas (Dead Sea Bromine Group), Ethyl Corp., and Great Lakes Chemical. Siace its formation, BFRIP has presented updates to iadustry on a regular basis (65,66), and has pubhshed a summary of the available toxicity information on four of the largest volume brominated flame retardants (67,68) tetrabromo bisphenol A, pentabromodiphenyl oxide, octabromodiphenyl oxide, and decabromodiphenyl oxide. This information supplements that summarized ia Table 11. 

A summary of the methods for commercially producing cellular polymers is presented in Table 1. This table includes only those methods thought to be commercially significant and is not inclusive of all methods known to produce cellular products from polymers. 

The process of irradiation involves the exposure of a specimen to one of a variety of radiations (1). A summary is given in Table 3. 

A summary of the properties of some of these neuropeptides is available herein other neuropeptides have been reviewed (1,2,19,29—32). 

Many of the physical properties are not affected by the optical composition, with the important exception of the melting poiat of the crystalline acid, which is estimated to be 52.7—52.8°C for either optically pure isomer, whereas the reported melting poiat of the racemic mixture ranges from 17 to 33°C (6). The boiling poiat of anhydrous lactic acid has been reported by several authors it was primarily obtained duriag fractionation of lactic acid from its self-esterification product, the dimer lactoyUactic acid [26811-96-1]. The difference between the boiling poiats of racemic and optically active isomers of lactic acid is probably very small (6). The uv spectra of lactic acid and dilactide [95-96-5] which is the cycHc anhydride from two lactic acid molecules, as expected show no chromophores at wavelengths above 250 nm, and lactic acid and dilactide have extinction coefficients of 28 and 111 at 215 nm and 225 nm, respectively (9,10). The iafrared spectra of lactic acid and its derivatives have been extensively studied and a summary is available (6). 

TDS UMERICA. This is another source for numeric databases (58). This company provides different on-line databases and software for chemistry, engineering, and environmental data. A summary of its databases is contained ia Table 7. 

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