A Summary of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Amides can be reduced by lithium aluminum hydride to give amines. 

This is an excellent way to make primary amines, whose chemistry is discussed in the next chapter. 

PROBLEM 10.34 Using eq. 10.43 as a model, write an equation for the reduction of acetamide with LiAlH4. 

Urea is a special amide, a diamide of carbonic acid. A colorless, water-soluble, crystalline solid, urea is the normal end product of protein metabolism. An average adult excretes approximately 30 g of urea in his or her urine daily. Urea is produced commercially from carbon dioxide and ammonia, mainly for use as a fertilizer. 

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