Zinc alloys composition

Reinhart (1976) has reported on the use of zinc alloys and zinc wire ropes that were exposed in the Pacific Ocean at depths of 720-2070 m for periods varying from 123 to 1064 days. The zinc alloy composition was 99.9% zinc, 0.9% lead, and 0.1% iron. The wire ropes were galvanized steel cables of various types. The data obtained from the study are given in Tables 3.23 and 3.24. From the data shown in Table 3.23, the corrosion rate of zinc in Pacific Ocean seawater is seen to decrease with the duration of exposure, except for zinc at the 2400 ft depth, at which the corrosion rate increased with increasing time of exposure. Also, the corrosion of zinc was greater at depth than at the surface. In addition, the report indicated that the corrosion of zinc was not uniformly influenced by changes in the concentration of oxygen in seawater between the limits of 0.4-5.75 mL/L. 

The alkaline cell has an open-circuit voltage of 1.5 V that can deliver 150 Wh/kg and 460 Wh/1. The reactions have fast kinetics and can deliver full capacity, even at high-rate discharges. Since its introduction in 1959, there has been a steady increase in performance of the alkaline cell as new materials and cell components were incorporated into the structure. The present alkaline cell designs are based on the use of nanostructured electrolytic manganese dioxide, a thinner polymer gasket seal with sealant to increase internal volume and improve shelf Ufe. Mercury has been eliminated by using new zinc alloy compositions. These improvements have resulted in about a 40 % improvement in performance over the same-size cells produced in 1959. 

Zinc slush-casting alloy compositions are based on the Zn—A1 system. The two commonly used alloys have nominal aluminum contents of 4.75%... 

Admiralty Brass and Naval Brass are 30 and 40% zinc alloys, respectively, to which a 1% tin addition has been added. Resistance to dezincification of Cu—Zn alloys is increased by tin additions. Therefore, these alloys are important for thein corrosion resistance in condenser tube appHcations. In these, as weU as the other higher zinc compositions, it is common to use other alloying additives to enhance corrosion resistance. In particular, a small amount (0.02—0.10 wt %) of arsenic (C443), antimony (C444), or phosphoms (C445) is added to control dezincification. When any of these elements are used, the alloy is referred as being "inhibited." For good stress corrosion resistance, it is recommended that these alloys be used in the fiiUy annealed condition or in the cold worked plus stress reHef annealed condition. 

Aluminum drillpipe is generally made of 2014 type aluminum-copper alloy. Composition of this alloy is 0.50 to 1.20% silicon, 1.00% iron maximum, 3.90 to 5.0% copper, 0.40 to 1.20% manganese, 0.25% zinc maximum and 0.05% titanium. The alloy is heat treated to T6 conditions that represent 64 ksi tensile strength, 58 Ksi yield strength, 7% elongation and a Hbn of 135- Aluminum drillpipe generally comes with steel tool joints that are threaded on to ensure maximum strength that cannot be attained with aluminum joints. 

The special high-purity zinc (99-99%) is used mainly for the production of diecasting alloys containing 4% aluminium and 0 -04% magnesium and some-times I % copper, as shown in Table 4.30, which gives the composition of the two alloys laid down by BS 1004 1972, and of some newer zinc alloys. 

However, whilst the effects of change in alloy composition upon stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility in the present context may be partly due to their effect upon stacking-fault energy, this does not constitute a complete explanation, since alloying may have significant effects upon electrochemical parameters. The effect of the zinc content of brasses upon their filming characteristics has already been mentioned, while in more recent... 

Intermediate alloy compositions include a zinc-15%-aluminium alloy for metal spraying (higher aluminium contents are unsuitable for spraying wire) and a zinc-30%-aluminium-0.2%-magnesium-0.2%-silicon coating (Lavegal) for sheet. 

Tin-zinc alloys of a wide range of composition can be electrodeposited from sodium stannate/zinc cyanide baths only the coatings with 20-25% zinc have commercial importance . 

Copper-tin Although a wide range of copper-zinc alloy deposits can be plated, most experience has been gained with two compositions, i.e. the red copper-rich tin-bronze which contains 90-93% copper and 10-7% tin and the white speculum which contains 50-60% copper and 50-40% tin. 

Fig. 9-13. Analytical data obtained by point-to-point exploration with a microprobe, showing the variation of composition of a copper-zinc alloy in a region of diffusion. (After Castaing and Guinier, Anal. Chem., 25, 724.)...

Fig. 7. Alloy composition versus (a) the shift in the aluminum deposition potential, AEai and (b) the shift in the copper/zinc deposition potential Ai cu,Zn, for the deposition of fee Cu-Al and hep Zn-Al alloys, calculated by using Eq. (12) and Eq. (13) and the free energy curves from Figure 6. Reproduced from Stafford et al. [104] by permission of The Electrochemical Society.

Alloys of copper and zinc can be obtained by combining the molten metals. However, zinc is soluble in copper up to only about 40% (of the total). When the content of a copper/zinc alloy contains less than 40% zinc, cooling the liquid mixture results in the formation of a solid solution in which Zn and Cu atoms are uniformly distributed in an fee lattice. When the mixture contains more than 40% zinc, cooling the liquid mixture results in the formation of a compound having the composition CuZn. The solid alloy consists of two phases, one of which is the compound CuZn and the other is a solid solution that contains Cu with approximately 40% Zn dissolved in it. This type of alloy is known as a two-phase alloy, but many alloys contain more than three phases (multiple-phase alloys). 

Park and Szpunar [318] have shown that the texture, surface morphology, alloy composition, and phase composition of zinc-based coatings strongly influence corrosion resistance. 

ZnO displays similar redox and alloying chemistry to the tin oxides on Li insertion [353]. Therefore, it may be an interesting network modifier for tin oxides. Also, ZnSnOs was proposed as a new anode material for lithium-ion batteries [354]. It was prepared as the amorphous product by pyrolysis of ZnSn(OH)6. The reversible capacity of the ZnSn03 electrode was found to be more than 0.8 Ah/g. Zhao and Cao [356] studied antimony-zinc alloy as a potential material for such batteries. Also, zinc-graphite composite was investigated [357] as a candidate for an electrode in lithium-ion batteries. Zinc parhcles were deposited mainly onto graphite surfaces. Also, zinc-polyaniline batteries were developed [358]. The authors examined the parameters that affect the life cycle of such batteries. They found that Zn passivahon is the main factor of the life cycle of zinc-polyaniline batteries. In recent times [359], zinc-poly(anihne-co-o-aminophenol) rechargeable battery was also studied. Other types of batteries based on zinc were of some interest [360]. 

Copper and Gold Bronze Pigments. Copper and gold bronze pigments (powdered copper-zinc alloys) are usually produced by dry milling. Depending on the alloy composition, the following natural shades are produced ... 

The main goal of this study was to identify different copper alloy compositions and relate them to different foundries or casting techniques. When considering the tin and the zinc contents in the sculptures, three different groups... 

Brass is a copper-zinc alloy. What is the mass in grams of a brass cylinder having a length of 1.62 in. and a diameter of 0.514 in. if the composition of the brass is 67.0% copper and 33.0% zinc by mass The density of copper is 8.92 g/cm3, and the density of zinc is 7.14 g/cm3. Assume that the density of the brass varies linearly with composition. 

The activity of zinc in liquid cadmium-zinc alloys at 708K is related to the alloy composition by the following equation ... 

The properties of skeletal Cu-Zn catalysts depend on the composition of the precursor alloy, the composition of the leach solution, and the temperature and time of leaching. Table 6 shows the properties of catalysts used by Friedrich et al. [26]. The leaching conditions used to prepare the catalysts were 323 K, 40wt% NaOH, and sufficient time for complete reaction of the Zn and Al with the NaOH. Thus, the catalysts were fully leached. Table 6 shows that by replacing copper by zinc in the precursor alloy catalysts with increased BET surface areas, decreased pore volumes, decreased pore diameters, and decreased copper crystallite sizes are produced. It also shows the effect of the precursor alloy composition on the surface and pore properties of the catalysts. 

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