Alloy chemistry

Ballesteros, B., Coco, S. and Espinet, P. (2004) Mesomorphic Mixtures of Metal Isocyanide Complexes, Induding Smectic C Mesophases at room temperature and Liquid Crystalline Molecular Alloys . Chemistry of Materials, 16, 2062-2067. 

Brooks, H., in Electronic Structure and Alloy Chemistry of Transition Metals (P. A. Beck, ed.). Wiley, New York, 1963. [Russian transl. p. 9.]... 

ZnO displays similar redox and alloying chemistry to the tin oxides on Li insertion [353]. Therefore, it may be an interesting network modifier for tin oxides. Also, ZnSnOs was proposed as a new anode material for lithium-ion batteries [354]. It was prepared as the amorphous product by pyrolysis of ZnSn(OH)6. The reversible capacity of the ZnSn03 electrode was found to be more than 0.8 Ah/g. Zhao and Cao [356] studied antimony-zinc alloy as a potential material for such batteries. Also, zinc-graphite composite was investigated [357] as a candidate for an electrode in lithium-ion batteries. Zinc parhcles were deposited mainly onto graphite surfaces. Also, zinc-polyaniline batteries were developed [358]. The authors examined the parameters that affect the life cycle of such batteries. They found that Zn passivahon is the main factor of the life cycle of zinc-polyaniline batteries. In recent times [359], zinc-poly(anihne-co-o-aminophenol) rechargeable battery was also studied. Other types of batteries based on zinc were of some interest [360]. 

Superplasticity. Eutectoid and near eutectoid alloy chemistry research has resulted in alloys exhibiting superplasticity with unusual elongation (>1000%) and fonnability and with 60,000 pounds per square inch (414 megapascals) tensile strength. Three examples of these alloys are 94.5% Al-5% Cu-0.5% Zr, 22% Al-78% Zn and 90% Al, 5% Zn, 5% Ca. 

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry used as a solo Instrument or in concert with other methods has proven to be an excellent technique for studying the surface chemistry of adhesive bonding materials. The application of SIMS is shown in re.lation to pretreatments of metals and alloys, chemistry and structure of adhesives, and locus of failure of debonded specimens. 

As will be shown in the following sections many attempts have been made to favorably modify the enthalpy of hydride formation, not only of MgH2 but also of other hydrides, by alloy chemistry. One of the most prominent examples is Mg2NiH4 [18]. However, alloying in most cases leads to a substantial decrease in capacity. 

Chemical Studies.—Reviews covering the alloy chemistry of the actinides the preparation, properties, uses and disposal of the elementsand the chemical bonding in compounds of actinide oxo cations have appeared. 

This procedure produces materials with improved strength and/or toughness. It is usually restricted to alloys whose microstructures are transformed upon cooling. In this procedure, a ferritic steel is first heated to a temperature of about 1650°F (900°C) or higher, then quickly cooled (i.e., quenched) in air, water, water spray, oil, or salt bath. The required conditions depend on alloy chemistry, section thickness, and desired mechanical properties. 

Characterize nitride layer microstructure and composition by x-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Use this information in a feedback loop to modify alloy chemistry and nitridation processing conditions to optimize the protectiveness of the nitride surface layer. 

Common sacrificial anode metals include alloys of magnesium, zinc and aluminium. The performance of these anode materials is closely related to their alloy chemistry and the environment and must be chosen with these factors in mind. 

L. Brewer, Electronic Structure and Alloy Chemistry of the Transition Elements, WQey Inter-science New York (1963). 

Nickel-titanium solid SMAs are manufactured by a double-vacuum melting process to ensure the quality, purity, and properties of the final material. After the formulation of raw materials, the alloy is vacuum-induction melted at 1400°C. After the initial melting, the alloy transition temperature must be controlled due to the sensitivity of the transition temperature to small changes in the alloy chemistry. This is followed by vacuum-arc remelting to... 

Design and modeling of new corrosion-resistant alloy chemistries and structures. 

Factors that influence SCC response will generally affect one of four basic variables in the process the material or alloy system, the chemical service environment, the electrochemical state of the system relative to surroundings, and the state of mechanical stress. Nearly all structural alloy systems can be found susceptible to SCC under certain alloy chemistry, metallurgical condition, and service environmental conditions. SCC behavior relative to alloy system was detailed in an American Society for Metals (ASM) publication [6], for a broad range of structural alloys, and has also been covered extensively for aluminum, titanium, and high-strength steels [8]. 

Little, D. A. and Scully, J. R. An Electrochemical Frtimework to Explain Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking in tm Al-5.4% Cu-0.5%Mg-0.5%Ag Alloy," Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Stress Corrosion Cracking A Symposium Honoring the Contributions of R. IV. Staehle, R. H. Jones, Ed., The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2002, pp. 555-571. 

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