Zinc acetate chloride hydroxide

Resoles are usually those phenolics made under alkaline conditions with an excess of aldehyde. The name denotes a phenol alcohol, which is the dominant species in most resoles. The most common catalyst is sodium hydroxide, though lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium hydroxides or oxides are also frequently used. Amine catalysis is also common. Occasionally, a Lewis acid salt, such as zinc acetate or tin chloride will be used to achieve some special property. Due to inclusion of excess aldehyde, resoles are capable of curing without addition of methylene donors. Although cure accelerators are available, it is common to cure resoles by application of heat alone. 

The bimolecular reduction of aromatic nitro compounds, depending on reaction conditions, may produce azoxy compounds, azo compounds, hydrazo compounds (1,2-diarylhydrazines), benzidines, or amines. Whereas the reduction with zinc and sodium hydroxide leads to azo compounds, zinc and acetic acid/acetic anhydride produces azoxy compounds. Other reducing agents suggested are stannous chloride, magnesium with anhydrous methanol, a sodium-lead alloy in ethanol, thallium in ethanol, and sodium arsenite. 

Use the information in Table 1.1 to classify the following ionic compounds as soluble or insoluble in water (a) zinc acetate, Zn(CH3C02)2 (b) iron(III) chloride, FeCl3 (c) silver chloride, AgCl (d) copper(II) hydroxide, Cu(OEf)2. 

To the flask containing dibromocholesterol add 20 mL of ether, 5 mL of acetic acid, and 0.2 g of zinc dust and swirl. In about 3 min the dibromide dissolves after 5-10 min swirling, zinc acetate usually separates to form a white precipitate (the dilution sometimes is such thatno separation occurs). Stir for 5 min more and then add waterby drops (no more than 0.5 mL) until any solid present (zinc acetate) dissolves to make a clear solution. Decant the solution from the zinc into a separatory funnel, and wash the ethereal solution twice with water and then with 10% sodium hydroxide (to remove traces of acetic acid). Then shake the ether solution with an equal volume of saturated sodium chloride solution to reduce the water content, dry the ether with anhydrous sodium sulfate, remove the drying agent, add 10 mL of methanol (and a boiling stone), and evaporate the solution on the steam... 

Nitrosyl chloride reacts with the double bond of methyl 3a,7a-diacetoxy-5)5-chol-ll-enoate yielding the ds-lla-chloro-12a-nitro-derivative (583). This compound was unaffected by hot collidine but was transformed, in low yield, into the 9(ll)-en-12-one on treatment with methanolic potassium hydroxide, whilst zinc-acetic acid regenerated the 11-ene in high yield. 5-Enes reacted with nitrosyl chloride to produce the expected trans-5a-chloro-6)5-nitro-steroids. 

Ammoniiun chloride, lithium hydroxide, sodium molybdate, sodium bromide, polyphosphates/orthophosphates/phosphoric acid, zinc acetate, and ethylene/propylene glycol. 

The use of metallorganic precursors also allows for a clean route to metal oxide nanoparticles. By employing diethyl zinc as a starting material, Williams and coworkers have shown that ZnO epoxy-resin nanocomposites and ZnO-coated carbon nanotubes may be prepared. The benefit of this method is the lack of undesirable by-products here, only ethane is produced. Given the pyrophoric nature of diethyl zinc, this reaction should be carried out under inert conditions. Ionic liquids too have been used in the low temperature synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Li et al. have employed 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, in conjunction with zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide, to prepare hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles which were formed upon simple grinding at room temperature for under an hour. ... 

Total zinc Zinc chloride Zinc hydroxide Zinc bisulfide Zinc acetate Zinc oxalate Zinc malonate Zinc succinate Zinc catechol... 

With Acyl Halides, Hydrogen Halides, and Metallic Halides. Ethylene oxide reacts with acetyl chloride at slightly elevated temperatures in the presence of hydrogen chloride to give the acetate of ethylene chlorohydrin (70). Hydrogen haUdes react to form the corresponding halohydrins (71). Aqueous solutions of ethylene oxide and a metallic haUde can result in the precipitation of the metal hydroxide (72,73). The haUdes of aluminum, chromium, iron, thorium, and zinc in dilute solution react with ethylene oxide to form sols or gels of the metal oxide hydrates and ethylene halohydrin (74). 

Skin Inorganic acids (chromic, nitric) organic acids (acetic, butyric) inorganic alkalis (sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate) organic bases (amines) organic solvents. Dusts Detergents salts (nickel sulphate, zinc chloride) acids, alkalis, chromates. ... 

A mixture of 10 g. of D-galactose, 10 ml. of ethyl acetoaeetate, 10 ml. of ethanol, and 5 g. of zinc chloride is heated on a steam bath during 75 minutes. The mixture is cooled, 45 ml. of water is added, and the solution is extracted with two 30-ml. portions of benzene. The aqueous layer is then extracted with nine 15-ml. portions of ethyl acetate. The united extracts are washed successively with an aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite and with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate evaporated to dryness, affording 4.5 g. of a sirup. This is saponified with 12.5 ml. of 10% sodium hydroxide solution, and then acidified (to Congo Red) with phosphoric acid. The aqueous solution is extracted with successive 30-ml. portions of ethyl acetate, and these are dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and individually evaporated to dryness. Extracts after the fourth yield a solid product m. p., 130°. Recrystallized from petroleum ether plus acetic acid, the compound has m. p. 132-134° yield, variable, ca. 2%.54... 

A mixture of 2.65 g. of freshly distilled 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-glycerose, 1.5 ml. of ethyl acetoacetate, 0.7 g. of zinc chloride, 20 ml. of N sulfuric acid, and 20 ml. of 96% ethyl alcohol is kept at room temperature for twenty-four hours. After addition of 3 g. of crystalline sodium acetate and keeping for a further 48 hours at room temperature, the mixture is heated for 15 minutes at 90°. It is then repeatedly extracted with ether, and the united extracts are successively washed with water, an aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite, and a small quantity of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The ether layer is dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent is evaporated, yielding an oil which is saponified with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (4 ml. of 10%) by heating on a steam bath for one hour. The aqueous solution is extracted with ether, acidified (to Congo Red) with phosphoric acid, and then repeatedly extracted with ether the united extracts are dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent is evaporated, giving a residue which crystallizes from water yield, 0.2 g. of the product (X) m. p., 153-155°. 

Reductions with zinc are carried out in aqueous [160 as well as anhydrous solvents [163 and at different pHs of the medium. The choice of the reaction conditions is very important since entirely different results may be obtained under different conditions. While reduction of aromatic nitro groups in alkali hydroxides or aqueous ammonia gives hydrazo compounds, reduction in aqueous ammonium chloride gives hydroxylamines, and reduction in acidic medium amines (p. 73). Of organic solvents the most efficient seem to be dimethyl formamide [164 and acetic anhydride [755]. However, alcohols have... 

Complete deoxygenation of quinones to hydrocarbons is accomplished in yields of 80-85% by heating with a mixture of zinc, zinc chloride and sodium chloride at 210-280° [932]. Refluxing with stannous chloride in acetic and hydrochloric acid followed by refluxing with zinc dust and 2 N sodium hydroxide reduced 4 -bromobenzo[5. 6 1.2]anthraquinone to 4 -bromo-benzo[5. 6 1.2]anthracene in 95% yield [181], and heating with iodine, phosphorus and 47% hydriodic acid at 140° converted 2-chloroanthraquinone to 2-chloroanthracene in 75% yield [222]. Also aluminum in dilute sulfuric add can be used for reductions of the same kind [151]. 

Sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide, iV -acetylsulfanilamide (33.1.44), is synthesized either by direct alkylation of acetamide with 4-aminobenzenesulfonyl chloride, or by reacting 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide with acetic anhydride and subsequent selective, reductive deacylation of the resulting acetamide 33.1.45 using a system of zinc-sodium hydroxide [37,38],... 

Titration with EDTA is used in the pharmacopoeial assays of bismuthsubcarbonate, calcium acetate, calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate, bacitracin zinc, zinc chloride and zinc undecanoate. 

As seen in many of the above examples, acetic anhydride and zinc chloride each make effective condensation catalysts for the free bases, presumably by efficient coordination with the ring nitrogen. The quaternary salts condense readily in the presence of piperidine. Potassium hydroxide, methoxide or piperidinium acetate are suitable for condensations with 2- and 4-methylpyridine AAoxides. For example, the Claisen condensation is effective with these Af-oxides using ethoxide catalyst (Scheme 45) but the reaction fails with the parent picolines unless activated by nitro substitution (69JHC775). 

Rubidium metal alloys with the other alkali metals, the alkaline-earth metals, antimony, bismuth, gold, and mercury. Rubidium forms double halide salts with antimony, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, thorium, and zinc. These complexes are generally water insoluble and not hygroscopic. The soluble rubidium compounds are acetate, bromide, carbonate, chloride, chromate, fluoride, formate, hydroxide, iodide,... 

A mixture consisting of monochlorobenzene (33.1 g), /V-cthylcarbazole (0.11 mol), and zinc chloride (10 mmol) were heated at 80°C and treated with the dropwise addition of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzoyl chloride (0.10 mol) and stirred for 1 hour. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and treated with -heptane (33.1 g) and then 16.5 ml of water added. The organic layer was isolated and neutralized with 8.30 ml of 1% aqueous sodium hydroxide and then washed with 40.0 ml of water in two portions. The mixture was concentrated to 50 ml and then treated with monochlorobenzene solution (90.0 g) and aluminum chloride (40.0 g) and cooled to 10°C. The solution was treated with acetyl chloride (0.13 mol), stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour, and then poured into a mixture of dichloroethane (224 g) and 134 ml of ice water. The organic layer was collected and then treated with 40 ml 5% hydrochloric acid, 40 ml of water, and 40 ml 2% aqueous NaOH solution. It was and then concentrated, the residue recrystallized in -propyl acetate, and... 

Resacetophenone has been prepared by heating resorcinol with zinc chloride and acetic acid,1,2 with zinc chloride and acetic anhydride,2 and with zinc chloride and acetyl chloride.3 It has also been prepared by the action of zinc chloride on resorcinol diacetate,2 by heating 4-methylumbelliferone with potassium hydroxide,4 by heating resacetophenone carbonic acid,5 and by the action of acetyl chloride on resorcinol.6... 

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