Epoxy resin nanocomposites

B. Schartel, U. Knoll, A. Hartwig, and D. Ptttz, Phosphonium-modified layered silicate epoxy resins nanocomposites and their combinations with ATH and organo-phosphorus fire retardants, Polym. Adv. Technol., 2006, 17 281-293. 

Shimazaki, Y., Miyazaki, Y., Takezawa, Y., Nogi, M., Abe, K., Ifuku, S., Yano, H. Excellent thermal conductivity of transparent cellulose nanofiber/epoxy resin nanocomposites. Biomarmrmolecules. 8, 2976-2978 (2007)... 

Wic Wichmann, M. H. G., Cascione, M., Fiedler, B., Quaresimin, M., Schulte, K. Influence of surface treatment on mechanical behaviour of fumed silica/epoxy resin nanocomposites. Compos. Interfaces 13 (2006) 699-715. 

The use of organically modified clay as a filler in epoxy resin nanocomposites have been shown to have a low flammability rating in the UL 94 test [13]. High levels of clay improved the flame resistance appreciably [17]. 

Q. Jia, S. Shan, Y. Wang and L. Gu, Tribological performance and thermal behavior of epoxy resin nanocomposites containing polyurethane and organoclay , Adv Polym Technol, 2008,27,859-64. 

Saito T, Kimura S, Nishiyama Y et al (2007) Cellulose nanofibers prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation of native cellulose. Biomacromolecules 8 2485-2491 Sakurada I, Nukushina Y, Ito T (1962) Experimental determination of the elastic modulus of crystalline regions oriented polymers. J Polym Sci 57 651-660 Shimazaki Y, Miyazaki Y, Takezawa Y, Nogi M, Abe K, Ifuku S, Yano H (2007) Excellent thermal conductivity of transparent cellulose nanofiber/epoxy resin nanocomposites. Biomacromolecules 8 2976-2978... 

Figure 7.31 Cone calorimetric analysis of three different epoxy samples unmodified epoxy resin (E+T), layered silicate epoxy resin nanocomposite with 4.7 wt% ammonium bentonite (E+T+TMA) and layered silicate epoxy resin nanocomposite with 4.7 wt% phosphonium bentonite (E+T+TPP). Reprinted with permission from A. Hartwig, D. Putz, B. Schartel, M. Bartholmai and M.Wendschuh-Josties, Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 2003,204, 2247 2003, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co KgaA...

Loos and co-workers [64] studied the effect of CNT on the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of epoxy matrices. Bisphenol A based epoxy resin nanocomposites were prepared with various small proportions of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and then investigated using acetone as a diluent to reduce the resin viscosity, and the products after removal of the solvent were characterised by FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), DSC, DMA, tensile, compression, flexural and impact testing, and SEM of the fracture surfaces. The effects of small amounts of SWCNT on mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the nanocomposites are discussed in terms of structural changes in the epoxy matrix. 

Guan C, Lii C-L, liu Y-F, Yang B (2006) Preparation and characterization of high refiactive index thin films of Ti02/epoxy resin nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 102(2) 1631-1636... 

The use of metallorganic precursors also allows for a clean route to metal oxide nanoparticles. By employing diethyl zinc as a starting material, Williams and coworkers have shown that ZnO epoxy-resin nanocomposites and ZnO-coated carbon nanotubes may be prepared. The benefit of this method is the lack of undesirable by-products here, only ethane is produced. Given the pyrophoric nature of diethyl zinc, this reaction should be carried out under inert conditions. Ionic liquids too have been used in the low temperature synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Li et al. have employed 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, in conjunction with zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide, to prepare hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles which were formed upon simple grinding at room temperature for under an hour. ... 

Pan et al. ° have synthesized a PbS epoxy resin nanocomposite through precipitation of the PbS/resin monomer in an aqueous environment. The precipitated emulsion was cured after isolating die PbS containing resin emulsion from solvents and solvated salts. TEM images of the final material revealed a flocculated composite, with individual particles of an estimated diameter of 7 nm according to XRD measurements. 

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