Being, intentional

The spontaneous polymerization of styrene was studied in the presence of various acid catalysts (123) to see if the postulated reactive intermediate DH could be intentionally aromatized to form inactive DA. The results showed that the rate of polymerization of styrene is significantly retarded by acids, eg, camphorsulfonic acid, accompanied by increases in the formation of DA. This finding gave further confirmation of the intermediacy of DH because acids would have Httie effect on the cyclobutane dimer intermediate in the Flory mechanism. 

Gases and liquids may be intentionally contacted as in absorption and distillation, or a mixture of phases may occur unintentionally as in vapor condensation from inadvertent cooling or liquid entrainment from a film. Regardless of the origin, it is usually desirable or necessary ultimately to separate gas-liquid dispersions. While separation will usually occur naturally, the rate is often economically intolerable and separation processes are employed to accelerate the step. 

When possible, avoid coupling materials having widely dissimilar galvanic potentials. If this cannot he avoided, make use of favorable area ratios by giving the active metal a large exposed area relative to the noble metal. For example, copper or copper-based alloy tubes may be joined to a steel tube sheet. Because of the favorable area ratio in this case, a relatively inexpensive steel tube sheet may be intentionally substituted for a bronze or a brass tube sheet if thickness specifications allow for a small amount of galvanic corrosion of the steel. 

Transferred air can be intentionally or unintentionally transferred. Exhaust air is air leaving the building. Extract air is air leaving the room (it may be partly returned into the room). 

AIRBORNE EXPOSURE LIMIT (REL) The AEL for HD is 0.003 mg/m3 as proposed in the USAEHA Technical Guide No. 173, Occupational Health Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Occupational Exposure to Mustard Agents H, HD and HT. No individual should be intentionally exposed to any direct skin or eye contact. 

AIRBORNE EXPOSURE LIMITS (AEL) No detailed health hazard data on T is available. The following information is based upon the limited available information and the chemical similarity to Mustard (HD) Agent. Under no circumstances should any individual be intentionally exposed to any direct skin or eye contact. 

As presented elsewhere low compliance can be intentional or non-intentional. Problems to remember is typical non-intentional. Simple tools and help are summarised in Box 8.2. 

Abstract On average 50% of patients are compliant to long term medication treatment. Non-compliance is a drug-related problem as it may result in negative outcomes for the patient. Non-compliance can be intentional or non-intentional and related to knowledge, attitudes, and also practical problems including memory and administration difficulties. The decision to take a medication or not (compliance) lay in the hand of the patient, but the health care providers can support the patient in this decision with the aim to improve the patients health. Definitions and tools to detect negative patient and health-care behaviour and methods for concordance are presented in this chapter. 

Modeling extrasystem events (e.g., potential releases from the system). For example, maximum intended inventory might be intentionally limited by that below which there would be no off-site impacts. CCPS (1999b) gives a complete discussion of this type of analysis. 

Polar analytes can also form adducts with various ions. A typical adduct ion that is formed in the positive ion mode is [M + nNaJ L but many other adduct ions with K+, NHJ, CL, acetate are frequently observed (Figure 8.4). Their formation normally occurs in the bulk solution before the charge separation process, in the electrospray droplets during evaporation, or in the gas phase. If the analyte is weakly basic or polar, salts bearing cations may be intentionally added to the sample to stimulate the formation of positive ions [10,11]. 

The paramount advantage of molecular solids over their more classical inorganic counterparts is that their constituents, the building blocks, are molecules or clusters that can be designed and synthesized in other words they can be intentionally modified. Therefore, we can talk about molecular and crystal engineering and the goal is to be able to produce materials with predetermined physical properties. We are not yet at this desired level but the scientific and technical bases are certainly at hand. 

The molecular packing of MOMs results from a precise and subtle balance of several intermolecular interactions within a narrow cohesion energy range of less than 1 eV molec . This is the reason why crystal engineering is so powerful because this balance can be intentionally modified but at the same time it implies that MOMs are soft materials and that polymorphism is favoured. Detailed descriptions on the fundamentals of interatomic and intermolecular interactions can be found in many books (see e.g., Kitaigorodskii, 1961). Here we briefly describe the relevant interactions for MOMs and give a new approach supported on the nanoscience perspective. 

As shown in the preceding two sections, the constant time version of REDOR, CT-REDOR, may be applied as an expedient alternative to the existing REDOR versions in the presence of strong heteronuclear dipolar couplings. In these cases, only few data points are available for the data analysis, which especially in the case of multiple-spin systems renders an evaluation of the second moments impossible. The efficiency of the dipolar recoupling may be intentionally reduced either via a dislocation of the dephasing Ti-pulses from the centre of the rotor period or via an application of non-Ti-dephasing pulses. A variation of the pulse position fpp... 

Rare earth isotopes have also been suggested as being useful for tracer studies. That is, they can be intentionally added to a source, such as flue gas or the fuel used in combustion, and their unique isotopic signature used to follow the plume as it disperses downwind. This approach, using the isotopes of Nd, for example, is discussed in more detail by Ondov and co-workers (Ondov and Kelly, 1991 Wight et al., 1991 Ondov et al., 1992 Lin et al., 1992). 

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the Code of Federal Regulations contain the basic framework for the regulation of food additives in the United States. Section 409 (c)(3)(A) of the Act requires that food additives must be safe for their intended uses before they can be intentionally added to food. 21 CFR 170.3 (i) defines safe or safety as ... 

The surfaces of ancient pottery were often decorated with a ferruginous slip that could be intentionally fired to a red or a black color. The color change was the result of not only kiln atmosphere and temperature, but at times also of the degree of vitrification of the slip. Color variations in both the painted decoration and in the clay body of sherds from one archaeological site and time are shown in Figure 6. This series of sherds was excavated at Tell Halaf in northeastern Syria and comes from pottery... 

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