Wound Healing and Repair

Scurvy Vitamin C deficiency first affecting collagen with highest hydroxyproline content, such as that found in blood vessels. Thus, an early symptom is bleeding gums. 

Defect in collagen synthesis or structure. Some nine types. 

Definition presence of excess fluid in the intercellular space 

Edema can be localized or generalized, depending on the etiology and severity. 

Mechanism Vasodilatation mediated by Vasoactive mediators Hormones Neurogenic reflexes Decreased venous outflow 

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Necrotic tissue within the body evokes an inflammatory response that removes the dead tissue and is followed by wound healing and repair. Necrotic debris may also undergo dystrophic calcification. 

Amino acids promote the production of proteins, enhance tissue repair and wound healing, and reduce the rate of protein breakdown. Amino acids are used in certain disease states, such as severe kidney and liver disease, as well as in TPN solutions. (See the last section of this chapter for a more detailed discussion of TPN.) TPN may be used in patients with conditions such as impairment of gastrointestinal absorption of protein, in patients with an increased requirement for protein, as seen in those with extensive bums or infections, and in patients with no available oral route for nutritional intake ... 

The major advantage of the COX-2 inhibitors is their decreased GI effects and formation of gastric ulcerations compared with the COX nonselective agents. However, once an ulcer is present, COX-2 is induced in response, and the COX-2 enzyme is essential for wound healing. Therefore, celecoxib and rofecoxib can delay in wound healing and increase the time for ulcer repair and tissue regeneration. Patients with gastric ulcers... 

Heteroatom biodegradable and electrically conducting polymers, (IV), effective for tissue engineering applications were prepared by Schmidt [4] and used in spinal cord regeneration, wound healing, and bone repair. 

In addition to finding mast cell infiltration and mediator release at sites of wound healing, tissue repair and fibrosis, studies of the effects of mast cell products on the cells involved in these processes, notably fibroblasts and endothelial cells, have supported the hypothesis that mast cells play an active role. 

Jarvelainen H, Puolakkainen P, Pakkanen S, Brown EL, Hook M, lozzo RV, Sage EH, Wight TN. A role for decorin in cutaneous wound healing and angiogenesis. Wound Repair Regen 2006 14 443-452. 

Mirise-Helmericks, R.C., et al., 2009. Poly-n-acetylghicosamine Danofibeis ftom a marine diatom promote wound healing and angiogenesis via an Aktl/Ets 1-dependent pathway. Wound Repair and Regeneration 17 (2), A16. 

Plasma transglutaminase (Factor Xllla) has been shown to catalyse the cross-linking of fibronectin and collagen.The reaction may be of importance in wound healing and tissue repair. 

Perspective on the Role of Innate Immune Response in Wound Healing and Tissue Repair... 

The role of the CO/HO axis in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation is still very poorly explored. Likewise, wound healing and tissue regeneration are two scientific niches where CO must be studied with much attention. There are few data about the role of CO on cellular proliferation/differentiation and most of the published data concern HO activity. HO-1 and HO-2 are involved in cornea wound healing HO-1 induction accelerates wound healing after epithelial injury [96] and deletion of HO-2 impairs re-epitheliaUzation delaying the repair response [97]. In the hepatic model, mice treated with CO presented higher levels of hepatocytic proliferation and enhanced expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) after hepatectomy [98]. 

Mercandetti, M., Cohen, A.J., 2008. Wound Healing Healing and Repair. eMedicine WebMD, http //emedicine.medscape.eom/article/1298129-overview showall. 

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