Hepatocyte growth factors

A factor known as scatter factor has been characterized which causes the break up and stimulates motility of epithelial cell clumps (Stoker et al., 1987). This factor is identical to hepatocyte growth factor and increases the rate of locomotion of several other cell types. Motility factors elaborated from tumor cells are considered to play an important role in metastasis (see later). Guidance of cells by the physical topography of the substratum is another factor that profoundly affects the behavior of cells. 

All RTKs contain between one and three tyrosines in the kinase activation loop, which is composed of subdomains VII and VIII of the protein kinase catalytic core. Phosphorylation of these tyrosines has been shown to be critical for stimulation of catalytic activity and biological function for a number of RTKs, including insulin receptor, FGF receptor, VEGF receptor, PDGF receptor, Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor), and TrkA (NGF receptor). A major exception is the EGF receptor, for which autophosphorylation of a conserved tyrosine in the activation loop does not seem to be involved in signaling. Substitution of tyrosine with phenylalanine has no effect on RTK activity or downstream signals. 

Schmidt There is a coincidence between those two comments. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is actually produced by the lung, so what results when you do a two-thirds hepatectomy is that the HGF secreted by the lung brings the fiver back up to its size. 

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), also known as scatter factor, has been shown to support the survival of sympathetic neuroblasts and subpopulations of spinal motor neurons. In the former case this is apparently an autocrine effect since these cells have been shown to synthesize HGF. 

Rong, S., S. Segal, M. Anver, J. H. Resau, and G. F. Vande Woude. 1994. Invasiveness and metastasis of NIH 3T3 cells induced by Met-hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor autocrine stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91(11) 4731— 5. 

Exposure of the SECs to pathogens or cytokines produced by other cells during stress induces activation of the SECs and subsequent production of cytokines, eicosanoids, and/or adhesion molecules. For instance, after activation with EPS, a main component of the walls of gramnegative bacteria and a major inducer of inflammation and non-specific immune functions [20], SECs produce a number of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines shown to be produced were tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) [26] interleukin-1 alpha/beta(IL-lo/p) [27] the major inducer of acute phase proteins interleukin-6 (IL-6) [28] and the neutrophil chemo-attractant interleukin-8 (IL-8) [29]. Anti-inflammatory cytokines shown to be produced were interleukin-10 (IL-10) [27] and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) [30]. 

Sugiyama and Kato [63] described a model for the receptor-mediated endocytosis of the polypeptide hormones epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in isolated perfused rat liver and in isolated rat hepatocytes, to estimate the efficiency of dmg targeting using these polypeptide hormones as potential drng carriers. 

Webb, C. P., C. D. Hose, S. Koochekpour, M. Jeffers, M. Oskarsson, E. Sausville, A. Monks, and G. F. Vande Woude. The geldanamycins are potent inhibitors of the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-met-urokinase plasminogen activator-plasmin proteolytic network. Cancer Res. 60 342-9.2000. 

Insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR) Colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSFR) Nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met) Glial-derived neurotrophic factor receptor (RET)... 

M Lyon, JA Deakin, H Rahmoune, DG Fernig, T Nakamura, JT Gallagher. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor binds with high affinity to dermatan sulfate. J Biol Chem 273 271-278, 1998. 

Duan HF, Wu CT, Wu DL, Lu Y, Liu HJ, Ha XQ, Zhang QW, Wang H, Jia XX, Wang LS. Treatment of myocardial ischemia with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor. Mol Ther 2003 8 467-474. 

Lindroos PM, Zarnegar R, Michalopoulos GK. 1990. Hepatocyte growth factor (hepatopoietin A) rapidly increases in plasma before DMA synthesis and liver regeneration stimulated by partial hepatectomy and carbon tetrachloride administration. Hepatology 13 743-750. 

Elastases—1, 2, 3A, 3B (protease E), medullasin Hepatocyte growth factor activator Glandular kallikreins—EGF-binding protein A-C, NGF-y, renin-y, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and tonin Mite fecal allergen Der pill... 

Miura D, Miura Y, Yagasaki K. 2004. Resveratrol inhibits hepatoma cell invasion by suppressing gene expression of hepatocyte growth factor via its reactive oxygen species-scavenging property. Clin Exp Metastasis 21 445 451. 

Xu, L., Gao, C., Sands, M. S., Cai, S. R., Nichols, T. C., Bellinger, D. A., Raymer, R. A., McCorquodale, S. and Ponder, K. P. (2003). Neonatal or hepatocyte growth factor-potentiated adult gene therapy with a retroviral vector results in therapeutic levels of canine factor IX for hemophilia B. Blood 101, 3924-3932. 

Dai, C., Yang, J. and Liu, Y. (2002). Single injection of naked plasmid encoding hepatocyte growth factor prevents cell death and ameliorates acute renal failure in mice. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13, 411-422. 

Mechanisms of action of cilostazol. Abbreviations cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate cGMP, guanosine cyclic monophosphate HGF, hepatocyte growth factor MCP-I, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 NO, nitric oxide. 

Aoki M, Morishita R, Hayashi S, et al. Inhibition of neointimal formation after balloon injury by cilostazol, accompanied by improvement of endothelial dysfunction iand induction of hepatocyte growth factor in rat diabetes model. Diabetologia 2001 44 1032-1042. 

Ueda H, Sawa Y Matsumoto K, et al. Gene transfection of hepatocyte growth factor attenuates reperfusion injury in the heart. Ann Thorac Surg I 999 67 1726-173 I. 

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