World Health Organization functions

Table 2. World Health Organization Functional Classification of PAH Symptoms...

Primary prophylaxis is expensive, but historical cohorts show progressively better outcomes (e.g., joint function and radiologic appearances) with more treatment, and prophylaxis thus is recommended as optimal therapy by the WFH, the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.K. Haemophilia Centre Doctors Organization, and the National Hemophilia... 

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations. There are 193 member states as of January 2008. The WHO is headquartered in Europe with four regional offices in Africa, the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacihc. The WHO is not a regulatory agency. Its functions are ... 

The World Health Organization defined alcoholism as a chronic behavior disorder manifested by repeated drinking of alcoholic beverages in excess of community norms for dietary and social purposes and to an extent that it interferes with one s health or social and economic functioning ( 386). 

The evaluation of the safety of a new excipient as a food additive could be accomplished by the submission of a food additive petition to the United Nations expert panel operating under the auspices of the FAO and the World Health Organization known as the JECFA. A JECFA review could serve as a separate independent safety review to support the new excipient for potential use in drug products. Alternatively, the safety of a new excipient could be evaluated through the food additive petition processes, as currently in practice both in the United States and the EU, assuming that the new excipient can be demonstrated to have a technological function as a food additive. 

The World Health Organization recommends that the total concentration of PAHs in drinking water should not exceed 10ngL 1. The ozonation of the above two PAHs, plus benzo[ ]pyrene, in water solution was examined experimentally as a function of pH and concentration of radical scavenger (tert-butanol). Acidic pH values accelerate the disappearance of the PAHs. At pH 2, the direct ozonolysis rates were approximately 33000M-1 s-1 for benzopyrene, 11 000 M-1 s 1 for chrysene, and 45 M 1 s 1 for fluorene <2004MI453>. 

However, even with these precautions, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers should breast-feed their babies for at least a year, and longer if possible, while the World Health Organization says two years should be the minimum. Many studies have shown that babies who get human milk are healthier, less likely to become obese and may have better brain function (Gartner et al., 1997). Infant milk manufacturers have taken note and regularly adjust their formulae to resemble human milk more closely. 

Levicar N, Dewey RA, Daley E, Bates TE, Davies D, Kos J, Pilkington GJ, Lah TT (2003) Selective suppression of cathepsin L by antisense cDNA impairs human brain tumor ceU invasion in vitro and promotes apoptosis. Cancer Gene Ther 10 141-151 Levicar N, Strojnik T, Kos J, Dewey RA, Pilkington GJ, Lah TT (2002) Lysosomal enzymes, cathepsins in brain tumour invasion. J Neurooncol 58 21-32 Li F, Ackermann EJ, Bennett CF (1999) Pleiotropic cell-division defects and apoptosis induced by interference with survivin function. Nat Cell Biol 1 461 66 Lopes MBS, VandenBerg SR, Scheithauer BW (1993) The World Health Organization classification of nervous system tumors in experimental neuro-oncology. In AJ Levine and HH Schmidek, eds Molecular Genetics of Nervous System Tumors. Wiley-Liss, New York, NY, pp 1-36... 

It must be recalled that the World Health Organization (WHO) perceived the International Pharmacopoeia as a means of harmonizing quality specifications of pharmaceutical substances internationally. As long as WHO efforts are not given any legal status per se as they are, at best, mere recommendations, then other steps have to be found to affirm quality. It must be stated however that in 1981 the WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations reviewed the whole system and came out with its Twenty-Eight Report with clearly defined functions and characteristics of the International Pharmacopoeia. 

Two different test batteries, the World Health Organization (WHO) Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery and the Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES), are currently the most widely used test batteries in occupational behavioral toxicology studies. Both include components of the WAIS described previously in addition to other psychometric tests of behavioral function. The WHO Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery is a pencil and paper-administered test battery, whereas the NES is a computerized test battery that has been translated into several languages and in fact presents a more extensive set of tests than does the WHO in that it includes tests of psychomotor performance, cognition, memory and learning, and perceptual ability and affect. 

The World Health Organization defines endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) as exogenous substances that alter function(s) or the endocrine system and consequently cause adverse health effects in an intact organism, or its progeny or (sub)-populations. I13l Endocrine disrup-tors can act in any of four different waysJ14 These are... 

We all get down at some point in our fives, but the World Health Organization estimates that io percent of the population has symptoms that are significant enough to require medical attention. In this type of depression, physical and psychological symptoms significantly reduce a person s functionality for a prolonged period of time. The depressed person also exhibits sadness that seems disproportionate to the apparent cause. 

Semen Analysis. The semen analysis measures ejaculate volume, pH, sperm count, motility, and forward progression. Semen should be analyzed within 1 hour after collection. Although the semen analysis is not a test for infertility, it is considered the most important laboratory test in the evaluation of male fertility. Controversy exists as to what constitutes a normal semen profile. With the exception of the azoospermic male (defined as no sperm in the ejaculate), the lines between fertility and infertility are blurred, and are intimately associated with the status of the female partner s reproductive function. However, clinical studies of infertile men and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines have helped establish hmits of adequacy (Table 53-4). "... 

In order to achieve its objective, the functions of the World Health Organization shall be (a) to act as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work ... (u) to develop, establish and promote international standards with respect to food, biological, pharmaceutical and similar products. .. procedure (application, detailed steps). 

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