Polyester-Wool Blends

Along with cotton blends, polyester blends with rayon or wool are also important. Wool—polyester blends are widely used in men s suiting materials. For these fabrics, PET staple or tow can be used with a linear density typically about 0.16—0.45 tex per filament (1.5—4 dpf) and a staple length of 50—75 mm (2—3 in.). 

To produce easy care wool—polyester blend garments, heat setting of the polyester component will impart set stability to repeated machine washing. A minimum of 20—30% polyester is needed for adequate stability. A fabric shrink-resist treatment such with Synthappret BAP may be necessary to give the required shrink-resistance for easy cate performance. If the polyester content is increased, particularly above 50%, and a suitable fabric constmction is used, heat setting alone will give easy care performance. 

Wool—Polyester Fibers. The 45/55 wool—polyester blend is the most common fiber combination in the worsted industry. Strength and exceUent dimensional stabiHty of the polyester fiber enable the creation of lightweight wear fabrics not obtainable before. Economy has modified the fiber ratio and 30/70 and 20/80 wool—polyester blends are as common as the classical 45/55 blend. Disperse dyes for polyester and acid or neutral premetaUized dyes for wool are employed in a one-bath process. Should cationic dyes be used for the wool portion, a one-bath procedure can only be employed for light to medium shades, whereas dark shades require a one-bath two-step process. Wool blends should not be dyed above 105°C in order to avoid deterioration of the fiber quaHty. 

Wool-Polyester Fibers. The wool-polyester blend is the most common liber combination in the worsted industry Disperse dyes for polyester and acid or neutral premetallized dyes for wool are employed in a one-hulh process. 

Self emulsifiable. Gives good colour yield and levelness when dyeing polyester and its blends. It has minimal effect on light fastness and ensures low staining of wool when dyeing wool/polyester blends. Its use should be restricted to enclosed systems. 

A semi-durable flame retardant application especially suited for wool, wool/nylon, wool/polyester blends. Laundering will remove this finish. 

Ibrahim, N.A., El-Zairy, E.M.R., 2009. Union disperse printing and UV-protecting of wool/ polyester blend using a reactive b-cyclodextrin. Carbohydr. Polym. 76,244-249. 

Typical Use Textiles (inc. rayon, wool, polyester blends), leather. Typical Use Textiles, leather, foam, rubbers, various plastics. ... 

Chem. Descrip. Ethoxylated fatty amine, sulfated fatty alcohol ether Uses Dyeing aux., antiprecipitant in the one-bath dyeing of polyamide/polyacrylic, wool/polyacrylic, and wool/polyester blends Uniperol KM [BASF AG]... 

The versatility of this system is reflected in its suitability for blends of wool with other fibres [89]. The ideal conditions for the dyeing of wool/acrylic blends are at pH 4-5 and Albegal SET inhibits the risk of co-precipitation between Lanaset anionic dyes and basic dyes. Lanaset dyes are quite stable when dyeing polyester/wool at pH 4-5 and 115-120°C using Irgasol HTW (Ciba) as wool protectant. These dyes are also suitable for dyeing wool in its blends with silk, nylon or cellulosic fibres. 

Ozone is being investigated for shrinkage prevention (182). Wool and blends of wool, cotton, and polyester have been finished to provide improved flame-retardant, durable-press, and shrinkage properties (183,184). Fabrics of these types are often used for uniforms or protective clothing (185). 

Blend A mix of natural staple fibers such as cotton or wool and synthetic staple fibers such as nylon, polyester. Blends are made to take advantages of the natural and synthetic fibers. 

AQUAFILM may be applied to cotton, rayon, nylon, polyester, acrylics, and wool and blends thereof. 

Antistatic lubricant for use on acrylic, polyester and wool/ polyester staple blends. Effective on top and stock dyed polyester and acrylic. 

Polyester/wool blends are very popular, the most common blend ratios are 55 45 and 70 30 polyester wool. Polyester rich blends are normally constructed from a texturised polyester fibre warp and 55 45 polyester wool weft yams. The 20 80 polyester/wool is woven from 55 45 warp and a pure weft yam. Worsted polyester/wool blend yams may contain 2.5 - 3% solvent extractable oil, compared with 3.5- 5% for similar all wool yams. The oils have much greater affinity for polyester fibre than wool and after normal piece scouring, the blends contain residual oil content of 0.6 - 1.2% compared with 0.3% for wool. Oxidation of combing oil is influenced by exposure to light which should be avoided before scouring. Addition of surfactant to combing oil improves the scourability of the blend fabric [75]. 

Fibers used in the manufacture of apparel are predominantly cotton, wool, polyester, acrylic, and rayon. The fibers are used in both woven and knitted form with the exception of acrylic fibers, which are principally used for knitwear. Fiber blends are a feature of many items of apparel wear (e.g., polyester-rayon for corporate and evening wear, polyester-cotton for shirts, and polyester-wool for suits). Technologies for dyeing the two-fiber blends are well established. However, there can be some issues with effluent. 

Not surprisingly, textile materials which achieve the desired fire performance criteria will be similar to those in aircraft and include FR wool and blends for seating, FR polyester for curtains, and polyamide for floor coverings, with flame retardant back-coatings used as required. 

This is by far the most common application of the near-IR analysis in textiles. It is a common practice to mix two or more types of fibers to impart some desirable properties to the fabric. Some of the common blends are polyester/cotton, polyester/wool, polyester/Rayon, etc. These fibers are... 

This ehapter will be presented in two sections — one for natural fibers (cotton, wool, blends, etc.) and one for synthetie fibers (nylon, polyester, blends, ete.). Each section will review many of the more eommon NIR analyses, methods, and teehniques for textile products. Both laboratory and at-line/on-line NIR analyses will be reviewed. In addition, a more detailed description will be provided in eaeh section for a few of the more eommon NIR textile techniques. Even though most textile readers may have prior knowledge of some of these detailed applications, it cannot be assumed that all readers are familiar with all of them. Thus, background and a brief preparatory description of the textile proeess and materials prior to each detailed applieation will be given, as well as specific references for those who wish to study the subjeet in greater detail. 

Textiles and carpets are often based on fiber yarns - cotton, wool, or blends, for example cotton/polyester and wool/polyamide - but 100% synthetic fiber yarns also find wide application. Fiber yarns are hardly ever found in industrial applications. 

The information in Table 2.10 shows that NIR techniques also allow the characterization of textile products made from natural fibers (cotton, wool, blends) or from synthetic fibers (polyamide, polyester, blends). In this case, NIR reflectance spectroscopy is mostly applied, and provides the advantage of testing a sample rapidly (within minutes), without destroying its integrity. Moreover, with the aid of sophisticated commercial instruments, not only quantitative analyses but also... 

Polyester-silicone Polyesters, thermoplastic Polyesters, unsaturated Polyester urethanes Polyester-wool blends Polyether antibiotics Polyether carboi lates Polyether elastomers... 

Visual and Manual Tests. Synthetic fibers are generally mixed with other fibers to achieve a balance of properties. Acryhc staple may be blended with wool, cotton, polyester, rayon, and other synthetic fibers. Therefore, as a preliminary step, the yam or fabric must be separated into its constituent fibers. This immediately estabUshes whether the fiber is a continuous filament or staple product. Staple length, brightness, and breaking strength wet and dry are all usehil tests that can be done in a cursory examination. A more critical identification can be made by a set of simple manual procedures based on burning, staining, solubiUty, density deterrnination, and microscopical examination. 

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