Wire texture

To display properties on molecular surfaces, two different approaches are applied. One method assigns color codes to each grid point of the surface. The grid points are connected to lines chicken-wire) or to surfaces (solid sphere) and then the color values are interpolated onto a color gradient [200]. The second method projects colored textures onto the surface [202, 203] and is mostly used to display such properties as electrostatic potentials, polarizability, hydrophobidty, and spin density. 

An Instron Testing System (Model 1122), fitted with a 10 cm six-wire grid (Ottawa Texture measuring system, OTMS cell) was used to determine rheological properties. A loading rate of 50 mm/min and a chart speed of 500 mm/min resulted in a well defined force-deformation curve. Force at the bioyield point and the area under the curve were calculated. These values were then converted into maximum stress, work and specific work values ... 

Aluminum is unique among the metals because it responds to nearly all of the known finishing processes. It can be finished in the softest, most delicate textures as exemplified by tableware and jewelry. Aluminum can be anodized and dyed to appear like gold. It can be made as specular as a silver mirror and jet black. The metal also can be anodized to an extremely hard, wear- and abrasion-resistant surface that approaches the hardness of a diamond. Aluminum is available in many convenient forms-shapes, sheet, plate, ingot, wire, rod and bar, foil, castings, forgings, powdered metals, and extrusions. 

At the end of the forming system, the paper web is transferred from the wire to a press felt, a fine-textured, usually synthetic fabric. At this point, the web contains about 4 or 5 parts water to 1 part solids. The wet paper web and one or more press felts pass through two or more press-roll nips, where water is squeezed out. Pressing also compacts the paper mat. This increases the potential interfiber contact areas where bonds will be formed. 

Chapter H2 describes the measurement of textural properties of solid-like foods. The first unit in that chapter, unit H2.i, describes a general procedure commonly used to evaluate the texture of solid foods. This method involves the compression of the food material between two parallel plates. There are a number of empirical textural parameters which can be evaluated with this technique. Simple compressive measurements do not provide a complete textural picture of some foods untthi.i presents variations to the parallel plate compression method with the use of special fixtures. For example the use of a puncture probe or a wire cutting device provide data that may relate more directly to the consumer s evaluation of texture for products like apples and cheese, unit m.3 describes a general protocol for the evaluation of a number of sensory texture parameters. This protocol is... 

Hand moulding is the oldest method. Wooden moulds with six or seven compartments of the desired size are used. First these are cleaned and then lubricated with sand to prevent the clay from sticking. A lump of clay is then rolled through sand or sawdust and forcefully thrown into a compartment. With a piece of wire, excess clay is removed from the top of the mould. Next the mould turned upside down and the shaped bricks fall out and are ready for transport. The baked bricks are characterized by an non-uniform texture. Nowadays handmoulding is often done mechanically. 

Wait several minutes, disconnect a wire, and remove the copper and zinc electrodes. Carefully observe the electrode surfaces and record any changes in color and texture. Look for changes in electrode size. Record all observations. 

The horizontal fiber structure is extruded in a ribbon 1%" x SVs" then wire cut to 8" lengths. The surface texture may be smooth. diamond pattern or have an emery grit surface. The horizontal fiber brick is more susceptible to spalling from excessive wheel load traffic and to thermal shock. Voids or blisters may form within the brick during the burning process. After a period of exposure, salts tend to filter into these voids and expand, resulting in spalling. While the exposed faces of this type of brick is more easily cleaned, the use of horizontal fiber brick is not often recommended. 

For information on deformation and recrystallization textures observed in specific materials in wire and sheet form, the reader should consult Barrett and Massalski [G.25] and Dillamore and Roberts [9.7], Here we are concerned only with the nature of textures and with their determination by x-ray methods. 

The individual crystals in wire are so oriented that the same crystallographic direction [m w] in most of the grains is parallel or nearly parallel to the wire axis. Because a similar texture occurs in natural and artificial fibers, it is called 3i fiber texture and the axis of the wire is called the fiber axis. Materials having a fiber texture have rotational symmetry about an axis in the sense that all crystal orientations about this axis are equally probable, like those of beads on a string. A fiber texture is therefore to be expected in any material formed by forces that have... 

Fiber textures vary in perfection, i.e., in the scatter of the direction about the fiber axis, and both single and double fiber textures have been observed. Thus, cold-drawn aluminum wire has almost a single [ill] texture, but copper, also FCC, has a double [111] + [100] texture i.e., in drawn copper wire there are two sets of grains, the fiber axis of one set being [111] and that of the other set [100]. 

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