White spirit specifications

Cloud point. Measures the solubility/compatibility of a resin with solvents. The value reported is the temperature at which a specific mixture of a resin and a solvent or solvents blend gives a cloudy appearance, having been cooled from a temperature at which the mixture was clear. Commonly, a test tube of a given diameter is used and the temperature is noted when the lower end of the thermometer, placed at the bottom of the tube, disappears. Resins with cloud points below 0°C are commonly regarded as soluble and cloud points greater than 10°C indicate poor solubility/compatibility. White spirit with various aromatic contents is a widely used solvent in the determination of cloud point, but other solvents or solvents mixtures are also used. 

Another serious effect occurs with liquids which are not in themselves solvents but which may wet the polymer surfaces. These facilitate relief of frozen-in stresses by surface cracking which can be a severe problem in using many injection and blow mouldings with specific chemicals. Examples of this are white spirit with polystyrene, carbon tetrachloride with polycarbonates and soaps and silicone oils with low molecular weight polyethylenes. 

The petroleum ether solvents are a specific-boiling-range naphtha, as is ligroin. Thus, the term petroleum solvent describes a special liquid hydrocarbon fraction obtained from naphtha and used in industrial processes and formulations (Weissermel and Arpe, 1978). These fractions are also referred to as industrial naphtha. Other solvents include white spirit, which is subdivided into industrial spirit [distilling between 30 and 200°C (86 to 392°F)] and white spirit [light oil with a distillation range of 135 to 200°C (275 to 392°F)]. The special value of naphtha as a solvent lies in its stability and purity. 

Mineral Spirits, Petroleum spirits white spirits turpentine substitutes. Name applied to various types of hydrocarbon solvents, primarily petroleum distillates, which have flash points above- lOO F (38°C) and distillation ranges between 300°F (149°C) and 415°F (213 C). See A.S.T.M-Standard Specifications D 235-83, 71-73 (1983). 

Men who were exposed to a mist of a specific type of Finnish white spirits used for washing cars (Pfaffli et al. 1985) had elevated levels of dimethylbenzoic acid, a metabolite of trimethylbenzene, in their urine following the workshift. This study attempted to quantify exposure to white spirits through the analysis of dimethylbenzoic acid isomers, which are easily detected markers. It assumed that being in a mixture does not affect the metabolism of trimethylbenzene or any of the other constituents of Stoddard solvent. The amount excreted was linearly related to the estimated exposure level. The composition of the white spirits in this study included 11% aromatics with 1% trimethylbenzene isomers, which is similar to the compositions of Stoddard solvent used in the United States. A correlation between exposure to 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, a component of white spirits, at the TLV- TWA (25 ppm), and the urinary concentration of 3,4-dimethylhippuric acid (3,4-DMHA) was reported in ceramics workers (Fukaya et al. 1994). Rats were dosed by gavage with t-butylcyclohexane (800 mg/kg), another component of white spirits, and seven compounds were identified as urinary metabolites (Flenningsen et al. 1987). The primary metabolite was trans-4-t-butylcyclohexanol, with lesser amounts of 2 "-hydroxy-4t-butylcyclohexanol, 2-methyl-2-cyclohexylpropanoic acid, 2 "-hydroxy- 4 "-t-butylcyclohexanol, 2-methyl-2-cyclohexy 1-1,3-propanediol, 2-hydroxy-4-butylcyclohexanol, and Cis-4-t- butylcyclohexanol also being detected. Rats that had a white spirit formulation (690.8 mg/kg) applied to their tails 5 days/week for 6 weeks were reported to have excreted several products (dimethylbenzoic acid isomers) of trimethylbenzene metabolism in their urine. 

No biomarkers are available to specifically identify or quantify exposure to Stoddard solvent. However, hydrocarbon levels in the blood can be used to document exposure to petroleum distillates in general. Components of white spirits have been identified in human blood, fat, and alveolar air using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Pedersen et al. 1984). It may be possible to identify Stoddard solvent in this way, comparing the measured sample to the spectrometrical pattern of a known Stoddard solvent standard. 

A typical example of co-production is the naphtha cracker, displayed in Figure 4.5, which produces ethylene, propylene, butadiene and white spirits outputs from inputs of naphtha and energy. The goal with allocation in this case is to create four apparently individual processes with a specific amount of a single product output from a system with several co-products. 

BS 245-76. Specification for mineral solvents (white spirit and related hydrocarbon solvents) for paints and other purposes. 

Commercial products—unleaded gasoline, diesel, paraffin, white spirit, lighter fluid, etc.—are used as reference materials. Two characteristics of the accelerant chromatogram should be considered. First, the retention times over which peaks can be observed provides an indication of the boiling range second, the detailed pattern of the peaks can permit an accelerant to be classified with more specificity. In Fig. 2, chromatograms from commercial products (diesel and unleaded gasoline) are illustrated. 

At the end of the sublimation there germinates through the mediation of the spirit, a shining white soul which flies to heaven with the spirit. This is clearly and manifestly the stone.140 Edinger continues, referring specifically to the image in Plate 1-11 ... 

I go to a party honoring a good friend who has recently been promoted to an important position. He is Black. His wife is white. I know these two people well and, as with my own marital history, I know they fell in love with each other as individuals. I even know them well enough to think I can begin to imagine the specifics of spirit and personal history that drew them to one another. I do not doubt the complete authenticity, the humanity beyond race, of their attachment as I never doubted that same authenticity... 

HERCULES SDW TURPENTINE is a clear, water-white liquid that complies with all requirements of Federal and ASTM specifications for pure spirits of mrpentine. 

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