Wheat crude protein

Fig. 3. The scheme of the precipitates formed by the crude protein extracts of plants of the groups monocotyledons (1-11, table 1) and dicotyledons (12-23 table 1) with antibodies against wheat chitin-binding proteins (I) and with antibodies against wheat anionic PO (H).

This is a cross between wheat and rye. Triticale combines the yield and quality of wheat with the winter hardiness of rye and is also disease resistant. It can be used as a replacement for concentrates in a livestock ration because it is high in crude protein and essential amino acids. Its place in the rotation is similar to rye, so that it can be used as a forage crop or a green manure. 

If it is required to perform the determination by digestion and distillation, refer to Method 5.6b. Determination of organic plus ammonium-N by digestion and distillation, but use 2 g oven-dry plant sample ground to 1 mm. Also, for the calculation, multiply the sample titre minus blank titre by 0.35 to give the % N in the sample. Multiply the % N by 6.25 to get the % crude protein. This assumes there are 160 g N kg- plant protein. Traditional factors for other products are almonds, 5.18 brazil nuts and peanuts, 5.46 coconuts and tree nuts, 5.30 dairy products, 6.38 wheat, 5.7. Note about 20% of any nitrate present will be included. 

Calculate % crude protein, defined as 6.25 x % nitrogen, or 5.7 x % nitrogen for wheat grains. 

Fine wheat feed varies considerably in composition, depending on the original grist and the extraction rate. The crude protein content is generally within the range 160-210 g/kg DM and the crude fibre content about 40-100 g/kg DM. Fine wheat feed can be safely used for all classes of farm animals and levels up to 30 per cent can be used satisfactorily in diets for finishing pigs. 

The relationship between the total nitrogen content of a sample and the total protein predicted using the NIR data is most applicable to those samples containing one major protein in a rather simple matrix. The prediction of crude protein in spring wheat is an example of this case, although the simple relationship becomes complicated when the five major types of wheat are involved. The N—H information becomes more complex with the addition of other proteins and matrix constituents. 

Reducing the level of dietary crude protein (CP) is an effective means to reduce nitrogen excretion but requires reliable information about the pigs requirements for potentially limiting amino acids (AA). Isoleucine (lie) may be limiting in low CP pig diets that are supplemented with lysine (Lys), threonine, methionine and tryptophan (Liu et al., 1999). The objective of this study was to estimate the optimum dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) Ile Lys ratio in 25- to 40-kg pigs that were fed wheat-barley based diets. 

The w. yield from 1 mt wheat flour (12% d.b.) may reach up to 143 kg (8% water, 85% crude protein) = 74.5% of the protein input (MARTIN process). Somewhat higher results can be achieved with whole wheat or whole wheat meal if the homogenized slurry processing with three-way centrifugal decanter separation is applied. 

In vitro, the enzyme is able to catalyze crosslinking of whey proteins, soy proteins, wheat proteins, beef myosin, casein, and crude actomyosin (which is refined from mechanically deboned meat), improving functional properties such as the texture of food products [49-53], Bonds formed by transglutaminase exhibit a high resistance to proteolytic degradation [54],... 

Figure 2.18 Wheat germ lectin isolation using A -acetyl-o-glucosamine as the ligand. Chromatography conditions column, Waters API glass column, 100 x 10 mm I.D. flow rate, 1 ml/min detection, UV absorbance at 280 nm. The sample was 1 ml of crude wheat germ preparation 1.2 mg/ml of lectin was eluted from a crude preparation with 6.8 mg/ml total protein. (Reprinted from Ref. 64 with permission.)...

Both the quantity and properties of cellulases produced by microorganisms depend on the culture conditions. Commonly, cellulases are produced by culture of the organism either (a) in a liquid medium, which may be stationary, shaken, or submerged with aeration, or (b) by a Koji process on a solid substrate such as wheat bran (7). The complexity of the crude cellulosic carbon source usually leads to the production of a mixture of hydrolytic enzymes which may include amylases, proteases, chitinases, etc., in addition to the cellulases. Separation of proteins from culture filtrates by high resolution techniques such as chromatography, electrophoresis, or electrofocusing often reveals a number of enzyme species which may differ in specificity toward cellulosic substrates. These forms may represent ... 

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