Martin process

Siduron [1982-49-6] Siegemte Siemens-Martin process Siemens process... 

The first gas producer making low heat-value gas was built in 1832. (The product was a combustible carbon monoxide—hydrogen mixture containing ca 50 vol % nitrogen). The open-hearth or Siemens-Martin process, built in 1861 for pig iron refining, increased low heat-value gas use (see Iron). The use of producer gas as a fuel for heating furnaces continued to increase until the turn of the century when natural gas began to supplant manufactured fuel gas (see Furnaces, fuel-fired). 

Martin-. (Zron) Martin, open-hearth, -fluss-eisen, n. open-hearth iron, -fluss-stahl, m. open-hearth steel, -ofen, m. Martin furnace, open-hearth furnace, -ofenschlacke,/. open-hearth slag, -roheisen, n. open-hearth pig (iron). -Stahl, m. Martin steel (open-hearth steel). -stahlofeQ, m. open-hearth steel furnace. -verfahren, n. (Siemens-)Martin process, open-hearth process. 

Mannuronic acid, determination of, 735 Manometer, measuring vapor pressure to determine water activity, 61 -66 Martin process, starch isolation, 675 Mass spectrometry (MS), see also specific MS methods... 

Prior to the mid 1970s, two processes dominated the production of wheat starch and vital wheat gluten the Martin process, based on separating the starch from gluten by washing a stiff dough, and the batter process, based on separation of gluten and starch from a thin flour batter.53... 

The hydrocyclone process is applicable for processing hard and soft wheat flours, and perhaps even wholemeal flour.92 In addition to its versatility in processing different wheat classes, other advantages of the hydrocyclone process compared to the Martin process include an increased yield of gluten, lower water and energy requirements, and manageable levels of effluent. To ensure the food safety of wheat starch, quality programs in many companies dictate the implementation of hazard analysis and critical control points in the hydrocyclone process.24... 

These combustion developments were first tested for steelmaking in 1863 in France, under license from Siemens, by a father and son team, E. Martin and P. Martin. Siemens himself tested the furnace for this purpose in Wales, 3 years later, and both operations were pronounced a success. These are now often referred to as the Siemens-Martin process after their joint development. 

Llumar, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ICI, Melinex 0 that is aluminized and sold by Martin Processing Inc., PET /Al, 3 mil) and FEK-244, aluminized poly(methyl methacrylate) with adhesive backing, PMMA (3M)/Al/adhesive (3M 4 mil polymer). Some of the bulk polymers were compounded with 3 wt% carbon black (Cabot s Vulcan 3), designated with a subscript c, to reduce ultraviolet absorption. 

T. Hermes, inventor Martin Processing Co., assignee US3943105,1976. 

By the end of the 15th century first smelting furnaces appeared producing exclusively cast iron. Iron and steel smelting processes were rapidly improving. In 1855 there appeared the converter process of steel making which is still used. The Martin process developed in 1865 yields steel almost free of slags. 

Open-Hearth Process Method of steelmaking in which pig iron and scrap in a hearth are alternately heated by waste gases and then by incoming air and fuel gas also known as the Siemens-Martin process. 

SM Siemens-Martin process, LD Linz-Donawitz process... 

FIGURE 8.4 Flowchart of the wet-milling Martin process for the prodnction of wheat starch and vital gluten. (Adapted from Knight, J.W., and Olson, R.M. 1984. Chapter 15 in Starch Chemistry and Technology, R.L. Whistler et al. (eds.). Second edition. Academic Press, Orlando, FL.)... 

The w. yield from 1 mt wheat flour (12% d.b.) may reach up to 143 kg (8% water, 85% crude protein) = 74.5% of the protein input (MARTIN process). Somewhat higher results can be achieved with whole wheat or whole wheat meal if the homogenized slurry processing with three-way centrifugal decanter separation is applied. 

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