Whole wheat

Whole wheat flour, according to FDA specifications, is a coarse-textured flour ground from the entire wheat kernel. It contains the bran, germ, and... 

In a study of the effect of nutrition on reproduction in the rat in the 1920s, Herbert Evans and Katherine Bishop found that rats failed to reproduce on a diet of rancid lard, unless lettuce or whole wheat was added to the diet. The essential factor was traced to a vitamin in the wheat germ oil. Named vitamin E by Evans (using the next available letter following on the discovery of vita-... 

Once an acute diarrheal situation ensues, patients typically eat less as they become focused on the diarrhea. Both children and adults should attempt to maintain nutritional intake. Food provides not only nutrients but also fluid volume that helps replace what is lost. However, food-related fluid may not be enough to compensate for diarrheal losses. Some foods may be inappropriate if they irritate the gastrointestinal tract or if they are implicated as the cause of the diarrhea. Patients with chronic diarrhea may find that increasing bulk in the diet may help (e.g., rice, bananas, whole-wheat, and bran). 

White flour and whole wheat flour are mixed together in a ratio of 5 parts white flour to 1 part whole wheat flour. How many pounds of white flour are in 48 pounds of this mixture ... 

The quantity of protein present is normally measured by the Kjeldahl method. As wheat endosperm protein is around 17.5% nitrogen a factor of 5.7 is normally used to convert Kjeldahl nitrogen measurements into protein. Tkachuk suggested that 5.7 should be used for whole wheat but 5.6 should be used for flour.24... 

Whole-cell biocatalysts, organic solvents and, 16 412-413 Whole cells, 3 669-671 Whole-cell systems ionic liquids in, 26 897 Whole cluster pressing in white wine, 26 311 Whole-wheat flour, 26 279, 283 Whole yeast vaccines, 26 488 Who needs it concept, 24 190 Wicking limit, heat pipe, 13 230 Wicks... 

Two metabolic balance studies were conducted using healthy adult men to study the effect of phytate on bioavailability of dietary calcium. Dietary treatments were each 15 days in duration. In the first study, a mean daily calcium balance of 208+58 (SD) mg was observed when 2.0 g of phytate from 36 g of whole wheat bran was consumed daily with 1100 mg of calcium, phytate/calcium molar ratio 0.11. Calcium balance was 184+87 mg when 36 g of dephytinized bran was consumed with the same intake of calcium, phytate/calcium molar ratio 0.01. In the second study, calcium intake was 740 mg/day. 

The brown or whole meal bread diets employed by previous investigators were often variable in calcium and phytate intakes, not only between individuals, but by the same individual subjected to different diet treatments. Nevertheless an estimate of the molar ratio of phytate/calcium in the brown or whole meal bread diets used by McCance and Widdowson (UO), Walker et al. (11) and Reinhold et al. (2, 12) is 0.25 or greater. These investigators observed either negative or less positive calcium balance and apparent absorption when the brown bread diets were consumed compared to white bread diets with phytate/calcium molar ratios less than 0.05. Our results support their findings. Reinhold et al. (2) and McCance and Widdowson (33) used sodium phytate in some studies as well as whole wheat bread and observed similar results. 

More than 40 years ago, calcium absorption from brown (whole wheat) bread which was fed to human subjects was found to be poorer than was that when white (extracted wheat flour) was fed 04,5). Since then, many studies have sought to define the extent of inhibition of calcium intestinal bioavailability by various forms of dietary fiber with mixed results and conclusions (6-18). 

Lezinsky s Explosive. A mixt of whole wheat flour 27p with resin 53p is treated with 20p nitric acid and, without washing, combined with 100 to 300p of K chlorate Ref G. Lezinsky, USP 909915 (1909) CA 3, 1088 (1909)... 

Grahamite rooming houses sprang up, where boarders could thrive on meatless meals consisting of coarse whole-wheat bread, uncooked vegetables, oatmeal, and barley — not unlike... 

Low vitamin E content (0.5-5 milligrams/ 00 grams). Apple, bacon, bean (dry navy), beef, beef liver, blackberry. Brussels sprouts, butter, carrot, cauliflower, cheeses, coconut, corn (maize), corn (maize) meal, eggs, flour (whole wheat), kale, kohlrabi, lamb, lettuce, mustard, oats, oatmeal, olive, parsnip, pea. pear, pepper (sweet), pork, rioe (brown), rye, sweet potato, turnip greens, veal, wheat. 

MW Trucksess, DWR Ready, MK Pender, CA Ligmond, GE Wood, SW Page. Determination and survey of deoxynivalenol in white flour, whole wheat flour, and bran. J AOAC Int 79 883 - 887,1996. 

Zinc Deficiency. A nutritional problem associated with consumption of large amounts of whole wheat products is the unavailability of dietary zinc, first observed in a patient with immature development and dwarfism in southern Iran (17). The patient showed marked improvement when placed on a well-balanced, nutritious diet for a year. In 1962, similar patients were observed in Egyptian villages. A deficiency of zinc was identified as the primary reason for the development of this condition. This deficiency of zinc results from the binding of that metal by the phytates present in whole wheat (18). Even when an excess of zinc is present in the diet, if conditions are right, that zinc may be complexed with the phytate and thus rendered unavailable to the body (see Mineral nutrients). Thus, a zinc deficiency may develop when its dietary level appears adequate but the diet contains large amounts of a food, such as whole wheat, that is high in phytates. 

Whole Wheat Samples Ash (%) Aleurone Frangments (%) Pericarp Fragments (%) Total Bran (%) (Alerone and Pericarp)... 

Pinto beans Corn flakes Crisped rice cereal Oatmeal Creamed corn White rice Oat ring cereal Noodles Cornbread (HM) English muffin Granola Pancake (mix) Pretzels (hard) Shredded wheat Bagel Rye bread Saltine crackers Whole wheat bread Cracked wheat bread Corn chips Butter crackers Sweet roll White bread Graham crackers Peanut butter... 

---