Wetlands invertebrates

Roger PA, Heong KL, Teng PS. 1991. Biodiversity and sustainability of wetland rice production role and potential of microorganisms and invertebrates. In Hawksworth DL, ed. The Biodiversity of Microorganisms and Invertebrates Its Role in Sustainable Agriculture. Wallingford CAB International, 117-136. 

Albers PH, Camardese MB. 1993. Effects of acidification on metal accumulation by aquatic plants and invertebrates. 1. Constructed wetlands. Environ Toxicol Chem 12 959-967. 

Mangrove forests provides critical nursery habitat for various commercially important species of tropical fish and invertebrates, such as shrimp. These coastal wetlands also provide important habitat for a wide range of non-economic species of wildlife. 

Horne AJ. 1991. Selenium detoxification in wetlands by permanent flooding I. Effects on a macroalga, an epiphytic herbivore, and an invertebrate predator in the long-term mesocosm experimental at Kesterson Reservoir, California. Water Air Soil Pollut 57-58 43-52. 

A wetland is composed of water, substrate, plants, plant litter, invertebrates (mostly insect larvae and worms), and microorganisms (Halverson, 2004). Processes controlling contaminant retention in the aquatic system sediment may be abiotic (physical and chemical) or biotic (microbial and botanical) and are often interrelated (USDA, 1995 ITRC, 2003), (Fig. 1). 

Wetlands are characterized by aerobic and anaerobic interfaces in soil and water column and accumulation of organic matter. In wetland ecosystems, the primary productivity often exceeds the rate of decomposition processes, resulting in net accumulation of organic matter. The net accumulation of organic matter is regulated by the activity of various decomposers, including benthic invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria. In a simplistic way, decomposition may be viewed as a three-step process ... 

What roles do benthic invertebrates play in wetland food web, natural cycling, and sediment-water interface ... 

Carbon sequestration is the capture and storage of carbon that would otherwise be emitted or remain in the atmosphere. Terrestrial ecosystems, which consist of vegetation and soils containing microbial and invertebrate communities, sequester CO2 directly from the atmosphere. The terrestrial ecosystem is essentially a huge natural biological scrubber for CO2 from all sources of fossil fuel emission, such as automobiles, power plants, and industrial facilities. Terrestrial ecosystems (forests, vegetation, soils, farm crops, pastures, tundras, and wetlands) have a net carbon accumulation of about one-fourth of the amount emitted to the atmosphere from fossil fuels. 

Wetland ecosystems consisting of vegetation and soil containing microbial and invertebrate community can sequester a significant amount of CO2 from the atmosphere. 

Batzer, D. R, R. B. Rader, and S. A. Wissinger. 1999. Invertebrates in Freshwater Wetlands of North America Ecology and Management. Wiley, New York. 

Vanschoenwinkel, B., Waterkeyn, A., Vandecaetsbeek, T. et al. (2008c). Dispersal of freshwater invertebrates by large terrestrial mammals a case study with wild boar Sus scrofa) in Mediterranean wetlands. Freshwater Biology 53, 2264-2273. 

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