Wearable monitoring

Kotrotsios G, Luprano J. Wearable monitoring systems. Springer US 2011. p. 277-94. 

A. BonfigUo, D. De Rossi, Wearable Monitoring System, Springer, New York, 2011. 

Keywords— autonomic nervous system, stress, heart rate variability, wearable monitoring, acceleration. 

Introduction of a wearable non-invasive glucose monitor Cygness Inc. 

Figure 11. Comparison of a wearable foam sensor integrated into a shirt, and a reference airflow monitor (facemask) for monitoring breathing during treadmill experiments. The results (bottom) indicate that these types of innocuous wearable sensors can provide important information on general heath indicators such as breathing [27].

McAdams E.T., McLaughlin J, Anderson J McC., Wearable and implantable monitoring systems 10 years experience at University of Ulster Proc. Wearable Electronic and Smart Textiles Confi, Leeds, UK, 2004. 

In 1993, we reported on a study of nine normal subjects using a wearable continuous monitoring system.17 This was the first application of error grid analysis... 

Research is continuing to develop and refine the sensor design. The TFHS is inherently mgged and inexpensive, making it attractive as a wearable personnel safety device or as a monitoring device for hydrogen fueled vehicles. Further development of the sensor will address the issues and requirements for automotive safety and other applications. 

On the basis of the results from this group, the Roche Diagnostic company has recently produced a wearable apparatus that has been tested in 23 diabetic patients for up to 72 h. The extra-corporeal unit displays a glucose value every minute. The signal is corrected for the time needed for fluid transport from the microdialysis probe to the sensor (31 min). The one-point cahbration mode was used after an initial equflibration time of about 4.7 h. Continuous monitoring was feasible for at least 3 days with no time-dependent dechne in sensitivity to glucose being noted [115]. 

Figure 3, shows one representative case of three days continuous record of an insulin-dependent diabetic treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. The continuous irronitoring of glucose concentration disclosed a day-by-day variation of gjlycemia in diabetics. Then a large research activity started to miniaturize the system in order to obtain a real wearable artificial pancreas. The first step was miniaturizing the sensor. Today we have on the market several small instruments able to monitor glucose continuously up to one week. ... 

Figure 6.18 shows the sensor response to a breathing-like signal. The pressurised air flow is applied and removed according to a natural human breathing rhythm. As shown, despite the hysteresis, the sensor response is reversible, reproducible, and fast enough to monitor physiological parameters in wearable sensor applications. 

Future developments will see the optimization of device design and the investigation of alternative materials for microchip, electrode, and membrane fabrication. It is envisioned that further advances in fabrication and integration procedures will allow the development of implantable/wearable micro-dialysis/microchip systems for personal or on-animal monitoring. Integration of the separation-based systems with powerful detection techniques such as MS will further improve the detection capability of these systems for biological, pharmaceutical, and environmental monitoring. 

Wearable technology consists of wearable electronics, a term that mainly includes simple and more complex electronic devices and their embedding within textile structures. A good example of the popularity of the research subject is the current Qualcomm Tricorder X-Prize competition for the best portable, wireless device that monitors and diagnoses health conditions (XPRIZE, 2014). Undoubtedly, as the aim is that the device monitors such elements as blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature, some of the sensors of the device will come in the form of textile-embedded electronics. 

Zoll LifeVest This wearable defibrillator continuously monitors the Through an online patient management system... 

Chen, W., Bouwstra, S., Bambang Oetomo, S., Feijs, L.M.G., 2010. InteUigent design for neonatal monitoring with wearable sensors. In Somerset, V.S. (Ed.), InteUigent and Biosensors, pp. 1—24. 

Pasche, S., Angeloni, S., Ischer, R., Liley, M., Luprano, J., Voirin, G., 2008. Wearable biosensors for monitoring wound healing. Advances in Science and Technology 57, 80—87. 

Rovira, C., Coyle, S., Corcoran, B., Diamond, D., Ward, T., McCoy, A., Stroiescu, F., Daly, K., 2011. Web-hased wearable sensor streaming for respiratory monitoring applications. In Proceedings of the IEEE Sensors, Limerick, Ireland. 

Trafton, A., 2009. Wearable Blood Pressure Sensor Offers 24/7 Continuous Monitoring. Device Could Help Diagnose Hypertension, Heart Disease. MITnews. Available from http //web. mit.edu/newsoffice/2009/blood-pressure-tt0408.html. 

In addition to the sensors, other electronic elements are necessary for pregnancy monitoring. These include low-power amplifiers, processing units, and radios to transmit the data to a personal device. Nowadays, these are stiU hard elements soldered to printed circuit boards (PCBs), which can be sewn into the garment. An example is the Lilypad Arduino (Arduino, 2007), which is a microcontroller board designed especially for use with wearables. The board connection pins are holes that can be sewn... 

The type of interface is largely determined by who is going to use it and for what piupose. Therefore, the fifth design dimension is the decision of who the system is for. In the case of pregnancy monitoring, the system is used by both caregivers and parents, especially the mother to be. Moreover, the interface between the user and the system also includes the wearable itself, as it is in direct contact with the skin of the future mother. 

Case study of a wearable pregnanqf monitoring system... 

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