Weaponizing defined

The CWC comprises a preamble, 24 articles and three annexes on chemicals, verification and confidentiality. It is remarkable for the comprehensiveness of its provisions. It covers the development, production, stockpiling and destruction of chemical weapons, defining a chemical weapon as any toxic chemical or its precursor that, through its chemical action, can cause death, injury, temporary incapacity or sensory irritation. Toxic chemicals are integral to modern industry and medicine on a... 

The book is organized into eight chapters. Chapter 1 describes the physicochemical needs of pharmaceutical research and development. Chapter 2 defines the flux model, based on Fick s laws of diffusion, in terms of solubility, permeability, and charge state (pH), and lays the foundation for the rest of the book. Chapter 3 covers the topic of ionization constants—how to measure pKa values accurately and quickly, and which methods to use. Bjerrum analysis is revealed as the secret weapon behind the most effective approaches. Chapter 4 discusses experimental... 

An overview of chemicals defined as chemical weapons. Main... 

Quarantine Quarantine is the isolation of patients with a communicable disease, or those exposed to a communicable disease, during the contagious period in order to control the spread of illness. Quarantine over the years has been a practice of holding travelers or ships, trucks, or airplanes coming from places of epidemic disease for the purpose of inspection or disinfection. In the age of weapons of mass destruction, quarantine is defined as the restriction of activities or limitation of freedom of movement of those pre-... 

Stochastic radiation effects are typically associated with those that occur over many months or years (i.e., are typically chronic instead of acute). Chronic doses are typically on the order of background doses (0.3 rem [0.003 Sv] or less) and are not necessarily associated with larger doses that could result from a terrorist attack with radiological weapons. However, stochastic health effects are defined here as effects that occur many years after chronic or acute exposure to radiological contaminants. Stochastic effects are categorized as cancers and hereditary effects. Because no case of hereditary effects (e.g., mutation of future generations) has been documented, this discussion focuses on cancer risk. 

Despite the obvious merit of this conventional wisdom, selectivity wild cards often prove essential, and there is real value in developing a repertoire of special weapons and tactics. Even though there is no way to predict which, if any, will produce the effect you seek, the options are limited, well defined, and the investment of resources reasonably modest. By the time you get to the point of evaluating wild cards, you will probably be sufficiently familiar with your analytical system to discern a useful result from a chromatogram without extensive secondary testing. The principal investment will be buffer preparation and the time to run the analyses. 

There has always been a need to detect the presence of threats. The classical threats from smuggled weapons and poisons remain, but new threats from explosives as well as from chemical and biological agents must also be considered. Threat must be defined rather broadly, to include both immediate threats, for example, a bomb on an airplane, and longer term threats, for example, smuggled drugs. To prevent explosions requires the detection of bombs, bomb makers, and bomb placers. 

According to the court The ordinance defines assault weapon as any one of thirty-four specific rifles, three specific shotguns and nine specific pistols, or [ojther models by the same manufacturer with the same action design that have slight modifications or enhancements. ... The plaintiffs claimed that because the law referred only to specific models by specific manufac-mrers (or possible future models by the same manufacturers), it was an un-constimtional bill of attainder. (A bill of attainder is a law that punishes specific individuals without trial.) The plaintiffs also argued that the law was unconstitutionally vague. 

Howitzer (How). See Ref 44, p B27-L, under CANNON and Ref 40a, p 89. In Ref 45f, pp 2-1 2-3 it is defined as a complete weapon conforming to the general cannon definition including the attached or closely related units necesssry for operation as intended (recoil mechanism, mount, sighting system, accessories, etc, but not ammunition), and designed for performance characterized by velocity, range, and trajectory curvature intermediate between those of a gun and a mortar... 

Hangfire Primers. A hangfire in small arms ammunition (initiated by a blow from a firing pin) can be defined as that condition which exists when initiation of the usual chain of events following the release of the trigger in a loaded weapon, occurs at a rate slower than normal the definition of hangfire for electrically initiated ammo is similar... 

A typical procedure is shown in Fig 1. Each target is analyzed to define its vital components, and a preliminary selection is made of weapons... 

Tihe atmosphere contains many radionuclides which result from nuclear weapons testing and from natural processes. The nuclear weapons-produced radionuclides include both fission products and activation products from the construction materials of the device. The natural radionuclides include the decay products of radon and thoron, the natural radionuclides in the airborne dust, and the cosmic-ray-produced radionuclides which result from spallation reactions in the atmosphere. Through the determination of the absolute and relative concentrations of this wide spectrum of radionuclides, it should be possible to define the rates of both the long term stratospheric processes and the shorter term tropospheric processes. At the beginning of 1962 a ground-level... 

Figure 8 is a plot of r89M4 vs. particle size. We define rlt j as the ratio of equivalent fissions of i to equivalent fissions of j. These ratios have several advantages (1) they are independent of the percent active particles, (2) they are independent of errors in weighing the samples, and (3) in a truly representative sample of weapon debris, rltj = 1 for all i and j. Figure 8 presents two surprises (1) for Zuni, r89,144 is generally lower in the more distant sample, and (2) the Zuni 85-km. curve below 150/x and the Bravo curve above 50/x have positive slopes (and appear to... 

During each winter rainy season, meteorological alert was established after each of the Chinese nuclear weapons tests October 1966, December 1966, and December 1967. The criteria used to alert the collection network of a forecasted storm system included the presence of a well-defined jet stream and a forecast for precipitation in excess of 3 mm. over a majority of the sampling sites. 

Radiological warfare(RW) may be defined as the employment of agents or weapons to produce residual radioactive contamination,as distinguished from the initial effects of a nuclear explosionfblast, thermal, and initial nuclear radiation) defense against such warfare (Ref 12,p 233)... 

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