Weakness thyroid hormones

In individuals who took thyroid hormones, 80% of the weight lost was lean body mass (muscle and bone) rather than excess fat. People taking these extracts experienced muscle weakness and bone breakdown, which led to a condition called osteoporosis, in which bones are weakened and the risk of bone fractures or breaks is increased. Thyroid hormone extracts also made the heart work harder by increasing metabolism, which led to problems such as increased heart rate, palpitations, and irregular heartbeat. These problems were potentially life threatening When the heart beats abnormally (or not at all), it is unable to pump blood and oxygen to the brain and body. Individuals die suddenly from this condition because the brain can only function for a few minutes without oxygen and nutrients. 

The thyroid hormone thyroxine is necessary for the development and function of cells throughout the body. It increases protein synthesis and oxygen consumption in almost all types of body tissue. Excess thyroxine causes hyperthyroidism, with increased heart rate, blood pressure, overactivity, muscular weakness, and loss of weight. 

In some cases it is recommended to take radioactive iodine drugs such as iodotop (NaT ). It accumulates in the thyroid gland along with L-thyroxine and L-triiodothyronin, where radioactive decay takes place—weak 8-radiation destroys thyroid gland follicle cells, which leads to a gradual decline in thyroid hormone secretion. 

Calcium Acetate (PhosLo) [Calcium Supplement/ Anti arrhythmic/Mmeral/ Electrolyte] Uses ESRD-associated hyper-phos-phatemia Action Ca " supl w/o aluminum to X P04 absorption Dose 2-4 tabs PO w/ meals Caution [C, ] Contra t Ca Disp Gelcap SE Can t Ca, hypophosphatemia, constipation Interactions t Effects OF quinidine X effects W/ large intake of dietary fiber, spinach, rhubarb X effects OF atenolol, CCB, etidronate, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, phenytoin, Fe salts, thyroid hormones EMS Pts have reduced renal Fxn, monitor ECG for signs of electrolyte disturbances OD S/Sxs of hypercalcemia (confusion, weakness, GI upset, constipation, N, V, and cardiac arrhythmias) give IV fluid for diuresis symptomatic and supportive Calcium Carbonate (TumS/ Alka Mints) [Antacid/ Calcium Supplement/Mineral/ Electrolyte] [OTC] Uses Hyperacidity associated w/ peptic ulcer Dz, hiatal hernia, etc Action Neutralizes gastric acid Dose 500 mg—2 g PO PRN -1- in renal impair Caution [C, ] Disp Chew tabs, susp SE t -1- PO constipation Interactions X Effect OF tetracyclines, fluo-... 

Although Brian is tired and weak, with a puffy face and significantly increased body weight, all of which may be observed in myxoedema (a severe form of adult hypothyroidism), his thyroid hormones and TSH concentration are normal. In hypothyroidism T3 and T4 concentrations are usually low, which leads to an increase in TSH because of reduced negative feedback between the thyroid hormones and the anterior pituitary gland. 

For humans, except for cases where high levels of exposure have occurred (for example, in the therapeutic use of diethylstilboestrol), the data is inconsistent and inconclusive. Information on levels of exposure is lacking and there is no firm evidence for a Hnk between low level exposure and adverse health outcomes in the human population. For all the adverse health outcomes the evidence of association with environmental exposure to endocrine disruptors is weak (except in the case of minor effects on thyroid hormones, where evidence is moderate). In some cases, such as changes in sperm count, a possible connection is scientifically plausible. Further evidence is needed, and especially evidence that Hnks actual exposure levels in humans to effects. ... 

Iodine (I) has a great role in the function of the thyroid gland. It takes part in a complex biochemical synthesis schema and interacts with hormones. Deficiency of iodine is characterized weakness, feelings of cold and dryness, and yellow-colored skin. The treatment of these symptoms is achieved with iodine or thyroid hormones. 

In patients with hypothyroidism, the stimulatory effect of thyroid hormone on the oxidation of fuels is diminished. As a consequence, the generation of ATP is reduced, causing a sense of weakness, fatigue, and hypokinesis. The reduced metabolic rate is associated with diminished heat production, causing cold intolerance and decreased sweating. With less demand for the delivery of fuels and oxygen to peripheral tissues, the circulation is slowed, causing a reduction in heart rate and, when far advanced, a reduction in blood pressure. 

Objective weakness is common, with proximal muscles being affected more than distal muscles. Slow relaxation of deep tendon reflexes is common. The most common signs of decreased levels of thyroid hormone include coarse skin and hair, cold or dry skin, periorbital puffiness, and bradycardia. Speech is often slow as well as hoarse. Reversible neurologic syndromes such as carpal tunnel syndrome, polyneuropathy, and cerebellar dysfunction may also occur. 

AEV-strain ES4 contains erbA and erbB. v-erbA is weakly oncogenic it transforms erythocyte cells in vitro but not in vivo. It is able to enhance the transforming efficiency of erbB in vivo. ErbA shows homology with steroid hormone receptors, suggesting that they may be derived from a common primordial gene (Krust et al, 1986). c-Erb is able to bind tri-iodothyronine with an affinity (Kd 0.2-0.3nM) similar to that of the thyroid hormone receptor, which it closely resembles. By contrast, v-Erb is defective in binding thyroid hormone, because of mutations in the binding domain (Vennstrom Damm, 1988). 

The overall evidence indicates that endosulfan administered in vivo may be disruptive of reproductive hormone levels in male animals. On the other hand, endosulfan is neither estrogenic nor disruptive of thyroid or pituitary hormone levels in females in vivo, despite its weak estrogenicity in several in vitro test systems. 

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