Water solid-phase extraction

Water Solid phase extraction with Empore disk. Eluted with ethyl acetate. Dried with sodium sulfate, concentrated. GC/ECD 4 ppt 86 Tomkins et al.1992... 

Water Solid phase extraction. Eluted with pentane, concentrated. GC/ECD 0.1 ppb 100 Russo et al. 1993... 

Fig. 1 Capillary LC chromatogram of a river water solid-phase extract containing PAHs. Column fused silica (20 cm X 0.25 mm) HjO home-packed with RP-18 (5 tm). Mobile phase ACN/H20 (75 25), flow rate 4 /xL/min, UV detection at 254 nm. Compound identity 1 = fenanthrene, 2 = anthracene, 3 = fluoranthene, 4 = pyrene, 5 = crysene.

Junk, G. A. and Richard, J. J. 1988. Organics in water Solid-phase extraction on a small scale. Anal. Chem., 60 451 54. 

Saad, B., N.H. Hanif, M.I. Saleh, N.H. Hasim, A. Abu, and N. Ali. 2004. Determination of o-phenylphenol, diphenyl and diphenylamine in apples and oranges using HPLC with fluorescence detection. Food Chem. 84(2) 313-317. Schmidt, T.C., M. Less, R. Haas, E. von Low, K. Steinbach, and G. Stork. 1998. Gas chromatographic determination of aromatic amines in water solid-phase extraction and derivatization with iodine. 7. Chromatogr. A 810 161-72. Thysen, B., S. K. Varma, and E. Bloch. 1985a. Reproductive toxicity of 2,4-toluenediamine in the rat. 1. Effect on male fertility. 7. Toxicol. Environ. Health 16 6) 753-61. 

Keywords musk perfumes surface water waste water solid phase extraction Introduction... 

G.A. Junk and J.J. Richard. Tribufyltin chloride in water solid phase extraction, capillary GC separation and EC detection. In Oceans 86 Proceedings, Volume 4, Organotin Symposium, September, 1986, Washington, DC, p. 1160. Copies available from The IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. 

Two examples from the analysis of water samples illustrate how a separation and preconcentration can be accomplished simultaneously. In the gas chromatographic analysis for organophosphorous pesticides in environmental waters, the analytes in a 1000-mL sample may be separated from their aqueous matrix by a solid-phase extraction using 15 mb of ethyl acetate. After the extraction, the analytes are present in the ethyl acetate at a concentration that is 67 times greater than that in... 

This publication provides several examples of the use of solid-phase extractions for separating analytes from their matrices. Some of the examples included are caffeine from coffee, polyaromatic hydrocarbons from water, parabens from cosmetics, chlorinated pesticides from water, and steroids from hydrocortisone creams. Extracted analytes maybe determined quantitatively by gas (GC) or liquid chromatography (LG). 

SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION ON SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION TRACE IONS IN WATER WITH l-(2-PYRIDILAZO)-2-NAPHTOL... 

SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION IN DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN WATER BY GC-MS Milyukin M.V. 

Prepai ative isolation of nonvolatile and semivolatile organic compounds fractions (hydrophobic weak acids, hydrophobic weak bases, hydrophobic neutrals, humic and fulvic acids) from natural and drinking waters in optimal conditions was systematically investigated by solid-phase extraction method with porous polymer sorbents followed by isolation from general concentrate of antropogenic and/or toxic semivolatile compounds produced in chlorination and ozonation processes. 

S. Nelieu, M. Stobiecki and J. Einhom, Tandem solid-phase extraction of ati azine ozonation products in water , / Chromatogr. 866 195 - 201 (2000). 

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) are excellent alternatives to traditional extraction methods, with both being used independently for clean-up and/or analyte concentration prior to chromatographic analysis. While SFE has been demonstrated to be an excellent method for extracting organic compounds from solid matrices such as soil and food (36, 37), SPE has been mainly used for diluted liquid samples such as water, biological fluids and samples obtained after-liquid-liquid extraction on solid matrices (38, 39). The coupling of these two techniques (SPE-SFE) turns out to be an interesting method for the quantitative transfer... 

When a first column of a very short length (and therefore a low selectivity) is used (this is especially suitable for multiresidue methods), we talk about an on-line precolumn (PC) switching technique coupled to LC (PC-LC or solid-phase extraction (SPE)-LC). This is particulary useful for the enrichment of analytes, and enables a higher sample volume to be injected into the analytical column and a higher sensitivity to be reached. The sample is passed through the precolumn and analytes are retained, while water is eliminated then, by switching the valve, the analytes retained in the precolumn are transferred to the analytical column by the mobile phase, and with not just a fraction, as in the previous cases. 

Figure 13.11 Column-switcliing RPLC trace of a surface water sample spiked with eight chlorophenoxyacid herbicides at the 0.5 p-g 1 level 1, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2, 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid 3, 2-(2,4-diclilorophenoxy) propanoic acid 4, 2-(4-cliloro-2-methylphenoxy) propanoic acid 5, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 6, 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butanoic acid 7, 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) butanoic acid 8, 2-(2,4,5-tiichlorophenoxy) propionic acid. Reprinted from Analytica Chimica Acta, 283, J. V. Sancho-Llopis et al., Rapid method for the determination of eight chlorophenoxy acid residues in environmental water samples using off-line solid-phase extraction and on-line selective precolumn switcliing , pp. 287-296, copyright 1993, with permission from Elsevier Science.

Figure 13.15 Chromatograms obtained by on-line ti ace enrichment of 50 ml of Ebro river water with and without the addition of different volumes of 10% Na2S03 solution for every 100 ml of sample (a) blank with the addition of 1000 p.1 of sulfite (b) spiked with 4 p.g 1 of the analytes and 1000 p.1 of sulfite (c) spiked with 4 p.g 1 of the analytes and 500 p.1 of sulfite (d) spiked with 4 p.g 1 of the analytes without sulfite. Peak identification is as follows 1, oxamyl 2, methomyl 3, phenol 4, 4-niti ophenol 5, 2,4-dinitrophenol 6, 2-chlorophenol 7, bentazone 8, simazine 9, MCPA 10, atrazine. Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, A 803, N. Masque et ai, New chemically modified polymeric resin for solid-phase extraction of pesticides and phenolic compounds from water , pp. 147-155, copyright 1998, with permission from Elsevier Science.

E. Pocumll, R. M. Marce, F. Bonnll, J. L. Bernal, L. Toribio and M. L. Serna, On-line solid-phase extraction coupled to supercritical fluid chromatography to determine phenol and nitrophenols in water , ]. Chromatogr. 755 67-74 (1996). 

N. Masque R. M. Marce and P. Bonnll, New polymeric and other types of sorbents for solid-phase extraction of polar organic micropollutants from envir onmental water . Trends. Anal. Chem. 17 384-394 (1998). 

C. Aguilar, I. Feirer, R Bonnll, R. M. Marce and D. Barcelo, Monitoring of pesticides in river water based on samples previously stored in polymeric cartridges followed by on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid cliromatography-diode array detection and confirmation by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry . Anal. Chim. Acta 386 237-248 (1999). 

J. Slobodnik, O. Ostezkizan, H. Lingeman and U. A. Th Brinkman, Solid-phase extraction of polar pesticides from environmental water samples on grapliitised carbon and Empore-activated carbon disks and on-line coupling to octadecyl-bonded silica analytical columns , J. Chromatogr. 750 227-238 (1996). 

S. Lacorte, J. J. Vreuls, J. S. Salau, R Ventura and D. Barcelo, Monitoring of pesticides in river water using fully automated on-line solid-phase extraction and liquid cliro-matography with diode array detection with a novel filrtation device , J. Chromatogr. 795 71-82(1998). 

E. Pocumll, C. Aguilar, M. C. Alonso, D. Barcelo, E. Bonnll and R. M. Marce, On-line solid-phase extraction-ion-pair liquid cliromatography-electi ospray mass spectrometry for the ti ace determination of naphthalene monosulphonates in water ,... 

E. Pocurull, C. Aguilar, E. Borrull and R. M. Marce, On-line coupling of solid-phase extraction to gas cliromatography with mass spectrometric detection to determine pesticides in water , 7. Chromatogr. 818 85-93 (1998). 

Figure 15.14 Separation of explosives exnacted from water by using SPE-SFE-GC at several SEE trapping temperatures, peak identification is as follows NG, nitroglycerin 2,6-DNT, 2,6-dinitrotoluene 2,4-DNT, 2,4-dinitrotoluene TNT, triniti otoluene IS, 1,3-tiichloroben-zene. Adapted Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, 16, G. C. Slack et al., Coupled solid phase extraction supercritical fluid extraction-on-line gas cliromatography of explosives from water , pp. 473-478, 1993, with permission from Wiley-VCH.

Prepare the solid-phase extraction (SPE) tube (1 ml LC-18 SPE tube) by conditioning with 1 ml of methanol followed by 1 ml of water. 

It is also possible to perform preparative TLC, developing the sample with AMD technique [36a]. After a solid-phase extraction of the waste water with C18-Empore discs, alkanesulfonate is isolated by using a specially dimensioned TLC plate and by scraping out the surfactant-containing zone. 

The alternative technique for analyzing 1,4-dioxane is HPLC. Scalia proposed a method by solid-phase extraction using octadecyl-bonded silica cartridges and analyzed directly on a reverse phase column with UV detection at 200 nm and acetonitrile-water as eluent [328-330]. 

This analysis depends on the use of a solid phase extraction cartridge to concentrate the herbicides directly from the pond water and the... 

Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Dinsdale RM, Guwy AJ (2008) Multiresidue methods for the analysis of pharmaceuticals, personal care products and illicit drugs in surface water and wastewater by solid-phase extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 391(4) 1293-1308... 

Postigo C, Lopez De Alda MJ, Barcelo D (2008) Fully automated determination in the low nanogram per liter level of different classes of drugs of abuse in sewage water by on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 80(9) 3123-3134... 

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