Water dissolving ethylene glycol

Corexit 9527 is a water-and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether-dissolved dispersant. The nature of the surface-active agent has not been disclosed. Laboratory tests were conducted using 0.5-mm thick, fresh Alberta Sweet-Mixed Blend crude oil treated with Corexit 9527 dispersant applied from an overhead spray boom [165]. The effects on dispersion efficiency of mixing jet pressure, mixing jet flow rate, jet standoff distance, and vessel speed were evaluated. The system operates with a nozzle pressure of 7000 kPa, a flow rate of 55 liter/min per nozzle, and nozzles positioned approximately 0.6 m from the water surface. In laboratory tests, such a system was capable of dispersing 80% to 100% of the surface slick. 

A reaction medium that contains 40% soaps by weight can usually be dissolved in ethanol. We have found that 100 mg of reaction mixture will totally dissolve in 10 mL of 95% ethanol when glycerol, water, or ethylene glycol are the reaction solvent and alkali hydroxides are used as the catalyst. It is then possible to dilute the reaction mixture solution 1000-fold to determine the UV absorbance at 231.5 nm. When there is no other interfering UV absorbance, this method is an excellent indication of the total conjugated double bonds. This method is also sensitive to the presence of conjugated linolenic acids derived from linolenic acid, which is indicated by a UV absorbance at 268 nm. None of the samples observed show three conjugated double bonds. 

Apparatus. Both feed and process tanks in Figure 1 are 19-liter polyethylene flat bottomed tanks which are covered to minimize evaporation of toluene and heptane. The process tank was equipped with a variable-speed twln-bladed agitator to dissolve the surfactant and form the emulsion. The retentate, returned from the ultrafilter, was somewhat elevated In tenf)erature so that the fluid In the process tank had to be cooled to room temperature by constantly pumping a solution of water and ethylene glycol through an Internal coll. 

Water and ethylene glycol are mixed to create solvent used to dissolve ionic salt with ammonium cation. Acid or acids can be used as additive to achieve desired supercapadtor conditions. Electrolyte is composed 0 to 85 wt% deionized water, 0 to 95 wt% ethylene glycol, 0 to 80 wt% acetic acid, 0 to 6 wt% phosphoric acid, and 0 to 50 wt% ammonium acetate. 

Etching can be done with a solntion containing 40 g chromic acid, 20 ml. snlfnric acid (96 percent), and 2000 ml. water. This is followed by a rinse in 25 percent ammoninm hydroxide. Thin films of silver are etched in 55 percent (by weight) ferric nitrate in water or ethylene glycol. Solutions of alkaline cyanide and hydrogen peroxide will also dissolve silver. Use extreme caution. Electrolytic etching is also possible with 15 percent nitric add at 2 V and stainless-steel cathode. 

Series C catalysts The catalysts were prepared in the presence of ethylene glycol. NH VOg was dissolved in a hot water containing ethylene glycol [5-7]. The other procedures were the same as those for the Series B catalysts. 

Fig. 11. In a system of water and hydrocarbon a nonionic emulsifier with a poly(ethylene glycol) chain as the polar part dissolves in the aqueous phase at low temperatures (a) and in the oil phase at high temperatures (c). At an intermediate temperature (b) three isotropic Hquid phases may be found.

Ethylene glycol (200 mL) and 40 g (0.71 mol) of potassium hydroxide are added to the residual oil. The mixture is heated at reflux for 24 hr, and then concentrated at 80-115°C (25 mm) (bath temperature Is about 190 C) until 100 mL of the distillate is collected. The residue Is dissolved in 300 mL of water, and cooled to room temperature. Carbon dioxide is introduced as a gas... 

Dissolved in water and extracted with -heptane to remove ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (checked by gas-liquid chromatography and by NMR) and distilled twice under reduced pressure [Strop, Mikes and Kalal J Phys Chem 80 694 1 976]. 

Cloxacillin sodium salt (sodium 3-o-chlorophenyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl penicillin monohydrate) [642-78-4] M 457.9, m 170°, [a]J, +163° (HjO pH 6.0-7.5), pKe, 2.8 (COOH). Purified by dissolving in isoPrOH containing 20% of H2O, and diluting with isoPrOH to a water content of 5% and chilled, and recrystd again in this manner. The sodium salt is collected and dried at 40° in air to give the colourless monohydrate. It is soluble in H2O (5%), MeOH, EtOH, pyridine and ethylene glycol. [Doyle et al. J Chem Soc 5838 I 963 Naylor et al. Nature 195 1264 1962.]... 

Ji-Methoxy-ll, 11-ethylenedioxy-lS-methylestra-1,3,5(lO)-tnene. A solution of (+)3-methoxy-18-methylestra-l,3,5(10)-trien-17-one (5 g) dissolved in ethylene glycol (5 ml) and ethyl orthoformate (10 ml) containing />-toluenesulfonic acid (0.3 g) is heated under reflux for 2 hr in a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting solution is diluted with methylene chloride and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonate and water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated to dryness in the presence of a trace of pyridine. Trituration of the residue with petroleum ether yields 4.7 g (82 %) of the pure ketal. 

A mixture of 2.0 grams of 2,3-dihydroxylmino-17a -methyl-5a -androstan-17/3-ol, 5 ml of piperidine and 10 ml of ethylene glycol was heated at a temperature between 180° and 190°C for 30 minutes. After the resulting product was cooled, water was added thereto, and the separated product was filtered, washed with water and dried. The product was dissolved in benzene and passed through a column of alumina. The column was washed with ether, and the eluted fractions were collected and condensed. Subsequently, the residue was recrystallized from ether or aqueous methanol to produce 1.53 grams of 17/3-hy-droxy-17o-methyl-5o-androstano[2,3-C] furazan which has a melting point of 152°C. 

Of the relatively few organic compounds that dissolve readily in water, many contain —OH groups. Three familiar examples are methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and ethylene glycol, all of which are infinitely soluble in water. 

Solubilization of a graft copolymer comprising a hydrophobic poly(dodecyl-methacrylate) backbone and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether side chains in water/AOT/cyclohexane w/o microemulsions was rationalized in terms of the backbone dissolved in the continuous apolar phase and the side chains entrapped within the aqueous micellar cores [189],... 

C12-0064. Ethylene glycol, an automobile coolant, has the chemical formula HOCH2 CH2 OH. Calculate the vapor pressure of water above a coolant solution containing 65.0 g of ethylene glycol dissolved in 0.500 L of water (density = 1.00 g/mL), at 100 °C, the boiling point of pure water. 

We pass ethene and water (as a vapour) at high pressure over a suitable catalyst, causing water to add across the double bond of the ethene molecule. The industrial alcohol is somewhat impure because it contains trace quantities of ethylene glycol (1,2-dihydroxyethane, III), which is toxic to humans. It also contains unreacted water, and some dissolved ethene. 

BHET formation is conducted at temperatures of 200 to 250 °C to achieve reasonable reaction rates. The activation energies of the two reactions are of the order of 25 000-30 000 cal/mol [4, 5], The BHET formation is usually conducted under pressure to keep the ethylene glycol in the liquid state. Terephthalic acid is slurried with ethylene glycol for the esterification reaction. Dimethyl terephthalate is dissolved in ethylene glycol and BHET for a liquid-phase transesterification reaction. The synthesis of BHET is driven to this material by the removal of water or methanol. The reactions are reversible at reasonable rates if the concentrations of water or methanol reactants are held high. 

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