WASTE WATER TREATMENT STRATEGY

Waste water treatment process is generally divided into two types  

Biological treatment utilizes microbial organisms to reduce pollutant loadings of process waste streams to EPA (and/or state) acceptable limits. Physical treatment involves reduction of pollutant of process waste stream utilizing physical procedures, such as stripping, ion exchange, membrane separation, etc. 

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It is frequently desirable, particularly in the field of waste-water treatment, to operate a continuous fermenter at high dilution rates. With a simple stirred-tank this has two effects—one is that the substrate concentration in the effluent will rise, and the other is that such a system in practice tends to be unstable. One solution to this problem is to use a fermenter with a larger working volume, but an alternative strategy is to devise a method to retain the biomass in the fermenter whilst allowing the spent feed to pass out. There are several methods by which this may be achieved (see Fig. 5.60), and the net effect is the same in each case, but the analysis might... 

Hauptmann, E.G. et al., Strategies for treatment mixtures of bleach plant effluents and waste water treatment sludges by supercritical water oxidation, preprints of papers to be presented at the annual meeting, 80(B), B71-B77, 1994. 

Producers have implemented measures to limit the disposal of toxic residues, particularly from the refining stage, and to improve the efficiency of waste water treatment. In the USA legislation has recently been enacted (see Chapter 19), which makes plants liable to the future clean-up costs of the sites they oecupy. Two strategies have been pursued as a result of recent legislation. Most primary smelters in the USA and elsewhere have become... 

From a treatment perspective, despite their specific contents, hospital waste-waters (HWWs) are quite often considered to be of comparable pollutant nature to UWWs and, as such, are discharged directly into public sewers and co-treated with UWWs at the nearest WWTP. Unsurprisingly, this management strategy is currently the subject of lively debate in the scientific community [12-14], which has recently begun to evaluate the hospital contribution to UWWs in terms of micropollutant load at a local level. 

In order to cope with water scarcity and pollution of the hydrosphere, two main strategies of water treatment are applied (1) chemical treatment of polluted drinking water, surface water, groundwater and (2) chemical treatment of waste-waters containing biocidal or non-biodegradable components. 

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