Waste Stream Generation

Removing suspended inorganic material from waste streams generated in the beneficiation of ores or nonmetalHc minerals, to form a concentrated slurry that can be used for reclamation of mined out areas or other uses and a clarified water that can be discharged or recycled. 

The five-days BOD at 20°C and flow of the various types of waste streams generated from a synthetic drug plant are given in the following table. 

A trickling filter is designed to treat 435 m /day of acid waste stream generated from a synthetic organic chemical plant. The BOD5 of the acid waste before and after the primary sedimentation is 3250 mg/L and 2850 mg/L, respectively. The efficiency of the filter at a recirculation ratio of 4.5 is 92%. If the depth of filter is restricted to 1.6 m and the value of the constant in Eckenfelder s equation is n = 0.5, determine the value of constant assuming the hydraulic loading rate = 17.5 m /m day. 

Electrolytic methods have been applied to the treatment of other metal waste streams generated in the electroplating or metal finishing industries. Pollution engineering processes have been designed and implemented for the removal of hexavalent chromium, trivalent chromium, nickle, copper, zinc and cadmium.Besides the Edwards patent, there seems to be no documentation of electrolytic methods for removal and recovery of mercury metal from waste streams. 

Recommendation 3b. The Army should identify toxic agent reaction products likely to be present at potentially harmful levels in liquid-phase process streams, liquid wastes, and solid wastes, including waste streams generated during closure activities. 

Figure 1-3 gives a pictorial overview of the main secondary waste streams generated across the five operating chemical agent disposal sites. Other common wastes generated at some or all sites but not covered in detail in this report include the following ... 

The main waste streams generated at chemical agent disposal facilities and examined in detail in this report with respect to their waste characterization and disposal requirements are as follows ... 

Many of these wastes are effectively disposed of during operations. However, current permit requirements and other process limitations have resulted in significant quantities of these wastes accumulating on-site. Hydrolysate from the neutralization of the VX stockpile at Newport, a unique liquid waste stream among the wastes generated at the active chemical agent disposal facility sites, has also accumulated on-site. Specific quantities, issues, and comparisons associated with each of the main waste streams generated at the active disposal facilities are detailed in the remainder of this chapter. 

FIGURE 19.7 A schematic of a CMP waste treatment system with solids concentration and removal after metals removal. The solid waste stream generated may not be considered a hazardous waste. 

Bone Char Decontamination of Mound Facility Waste Streams. Both bench and pilot plant scale studies have been performed to investigate the application and integration of bone char in schemes to remove alpha activity (238Pu, 239Pu, 233U) from various aqueous waste streams generated at the Mound Facility. These studies have culminated in installation and successful operation of a plant-size bone char column for tertiary treatment of the Mound Facility low-risk waste stream. Highlights of the Mound experience with bone char, based on results reported in part elsewhere, are briefly summarized in this paper. 

The second waste stream generated from the TDU is the soil. After exiting the TDU, the first step in secondary treatment of the soils involves adding water to both cool the soil and minimize the generation of fugitive dust. After this step, the soil is typically placed in piles for analysis to determine if the treatment standards were met and whether or not the soil is hazardous. 

Secondary waste issues. This factor is used to assess whether any secondary waste streams generated by the technology present a particular problem in terms of disposal and treatment. 

Fernando, P. N., Egwu, I. N., and Hussain, M. S., Ion chromatographic determination of trace hydroxylamine in waste streams generated by a pharmaceutical reaction process, J. Chromatogr., 956, 261-270, 2002. 

The design and evaluation of nuclear waste forms requires some understanding of the sources, volumes, compositions and activities of the various waste streams generated by the nuclear fuel cycle. There are three primary sources of radioactive waste in the United States (DOE 1997) the high-level waste (HEW) from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, the spent nuclear fuel itself, and plutonium reclaimed by reprocessing or obtained by the dismantlement of nuclear weapons. 

The waste streams generated require treatment, which adds to process costs. The sodium concentrations in Table 8.18 are very high due to the use of a bacl ound electrolyte in the experiments, but they reflect the increase in salinity of the concentrates when NF is used. The NF recovery is limited by this salt content due to possible precipitation and osmotic pressure effects. A production of a 250 m /day waste stream would appear to be excessive. 

Although the actual volume and constituents of the waste streams generated can be estimated, this has yet to be done since they will depend on the nature of the overpacks used and the internal constituents of the munitions. 

The new process was scaled-up successfully. The yield obtained was similar to that of the classical route and the new process proved to be cost effective. Only considering raw materials is the classical route less economic. The 15% reduction in the overall process cost is due to a higher efficiency of the glycerol formal route and a smaller waste stream generated during the manufacture. 

Examine alternative destruction technologies for liquid waste streams generated from the Explosive Destruction System (EDS). 

The MMD program has been suspended this means that the liquid waste streams generated by nonstockpile mobile treatment systems will be primarily from the EDS, with a small volume from the RRS. 

Produced Water (PW) is the highest volume liquid waste stream generated by the petroleum industry. Figures published in 2011 [1] and 2007 [2] show that globally, between 70 and 100 billion barrels of PW were generated in 2007. 

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