Glycerol formal

When reacted with glycerin, it forms "glycerol formals (qv)... 

Table 2. Efficacy of Marcfortines, PHA and PNU-141962 in sheep experimentally infected with //. contortus following oral dosing of compounds in 60 40 propyleneglycol/glycerol formal vehicle.

The compounds were also tested in sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. The treatments were given orally in propylene glycol/glycerol formal (60 40 v v) vehicle on day 35 post-inoculation. Animals were necropsied 7 days post-treatment and examined for worm burdens. Approximate ED95 for the marcfortine compounds, PHA and PNU-141962 are shown in Table 2. Against H. contortus, the approximate 95% effective dose for PNU-141962 was 0.5-1.0 mg/kg ED95 for the marcfortines ranged from 1-12.5 mg/kg and for PHA 1-2 mg/kg. It should be noted that formulation has not been optimized for ruminants, and subsequent preliminary pharmacokinetic studies have shown that the bioavailability of PNU-141962 in sheep is low (10-15%) in the vehicle used, when dosed orally or subcutaneously (unpublished observations). 

Many organic solvents are used in pharmaceutical products. These include propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, glycofurol, Solketal, glycerol formal, and acetone evidence of harm from such solvents is scant (2). 

Other cosolvents, including glycerol formal, solke-tal, dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide, have been suggested as potential cosolvents for drug... 

Bioavailability (absolute) was based on AUCtopicai/AUCrv, with correction for dose. GFI = glycerol-formal/isopropanol mixture. 

Name Glycerol formal Sample preparation Capillary film, sodium chloride cell... 

Moderate <10 90 Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone Glycerol formal Ethanol Solketal (glycerol dimethylketal) Glycofurol... 

Glycerol formal Moderate hemolytic effect. Mixture of isomers... 

Acetoxymethyl ethers 539 and 540 could be prepared from the mixture of glycerol formals 537 and 538. Reaction of 539 with GuAca gave N-9 (541) (and N-7) guanine derivatives as racemic forms whose deacetylation gave 542 (84TL905 85JMC926). 

Table 10.6 Comparison of selected reaction parameters between traditional synthesis using methyl isobutyl ketone and the new glycerol formal route.

The new process was scaled-up successfully. The yield obtained was similar to that of the classical route and the new process proved to be cost effective. Only considering raw materials is the classical route less economic. The 15% reduction in the overall process cost is due to a higher efficiency of the glycerol formal route and a smaller waste stream generated during the manufacture. 

Synonyms 1,3-Dioxolane-4-methanol Glycerin formal Glycerol formal 1,2-(Methylidene) glycerol Methylidinoglycerol... 

The feasibility ofthetopical/transdermal deUvery of resveratrol was examined [35]. Effects of vehicles on the in vitro permeation and skin deposition from saturated solution such as aqueous buffers and soybean oil were investigated. The general trend for the deUvery from solution was pH 6 bufFer=pH 8 bufFer> 10% glycerol formal in pH 6 buffer > pH 9.9 buffer > pH 10.8 buffer > soybean oil. A linear relationship was estabhshed between the permeability coefficient (kp) and drug accumulation in the skin reservoir. 

Polymerization of trioxane with glycerol formal formate utilizing a BF3 initiator and an ethylene glycol chain transfer agent-designated lateral OFl-POM. 

Ethanol Ethyl lactate Folic acid Formaldehyde Gentamicin Gluconates Glutaraldehyde Glycerol formal Iron salts... 

Further studies of the preparation and properties of glycerol fon reported by Fairbourne, Gibson and Stephens . Glycerol formal c by heating formaldehyde and glycerol in the presence of hydrogen boils at 195°C and is a good solvent for cellulose esters, resins, etc. 

---