Waste disposal containers

Containers for solid chemical waste disposal Containers for liquid organic waste disposal Corks... 

When active or potential polluted zones are located, they are generally contained as quickly as possible by the methods discussed in this chapter. This provides some time for treatment or removal of the contaminants. Environmental pollution of any kind is, of course, the province of EPA. That agency has published a wealth of information pertaining to the problems of waste disposal, containment and treatment. Some of these documents are listed in the References to this chapter. 

Justrite manufactures flammable-liquid storage cabinets, safety cans, and flammable waste disposal containers. 

Bioeides in PP are not as common as in plasticised PVC. In traditional PP applications, the need for a biocide to control the growth of microorganisms is virtually non-existent. Some trash cans and other waste disposal containers make use of these components to inhibit bacterial growth. The improvement is both aesthetic and sanitary. The product is able to resist the formation of unpleasant and unsightly organisms. 

With respect to the use of chutes for waste removal, the requirement for a covered chute was proposed merely to facilitate the removal of bagged or sealed waste so that it is deposited in an appropriate waste disposal container and does not fall to the ground. EPA does not, therefore, believe that this term either needs to be further defined or to require the use of a sealed chute. 

The geologic aspects of waste disposal (24—26), proceedings of an annual conference on high level waste management (27), and one from an annual conference on all types of radioactive waste (28) are available. An alternative to burial is to store the spent fuel against a long-term future energy demand. Uranium and plutonium contained in the fuel would be readily extracted as needed. 

Fig. 4. Integrated vault technology for low level waste disposal where A represents waste containers that are placed in concrete overpacks and sealed with grout B, closed modules covered with a multiple-layer earthen cover, to direct water away from modules, and short rooted vegetation for erosion control and C, overpacks placed in reinforced concrete modules which are closed with a reinforced concrete roof Courtesy of Chem-Nuclear Systems, Inc.

Transuranic Waste. Transuranic wastes (TRU) contain significant amounts (>3,700 Bq/g (100 nCi/g)) of plutonium. These wastes have accumulated from nuclear weapons production at sites such as Rocky Flats, Colorado. Experimental test of TRU disposal is planned for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site near Carlsbad, New Mexico. The geologic medium is rock salt, which has the abiUty to flow under pressure around waste containers, thus sealing them from water. Studies center on the stabiUty of stmctures and effects of small amounts of water within the repository. 

Wastes contaminated with aniline may be Hsted as RCRA Hazardous Waste, and if disposal is necessary, the waste disposal methods used must comply with U.S. federal, state, and local water poUution regulations. The aniline content of wastes containing high concentrations of aniline can be recovered by conventional distillation. Biological disposal of dilute aqueous aniline waste streams is feasible if the bacteria are acclimated to aniline. Aniline has a 5-day BOD of 1.89 g of oxygen per gram of aniline. 

Commercially, a small amount of the 4,4 -MDA is isolated by distillation from PMDA. Depending on the process employed, the removal of MDA can be partial (as is done with the isocyanates) or total. Partial removal of MDA gives some processiag latitude but yields of 4,4 -MDA are reduced. Distillation residues from PMDA manufacture that contain less than 1% MDA pose a disposal problem. Processes for the regeneration of MDA by heating these residues ia the presence of aniline and an acid catalyst have been patented (33—35). Waste disposal of PMDA is expensive and reclamation processes could become commercially viable. The versatility of the isocyanate process, however, can be used to avoid the formation of low MDA content distillation residues. 

By-Products and Waste Disposal. A by-product of sulfamic acid manufacturing is fuming sulfuric acid or dilute sulfuric acid. The amount of sulfuric acid (as 100% H2SO is 1—1.5 times as much by weight as the sulfamic acid product. This by-product also contains ammonium salts and is therefore normally used as raw material for fertilizer (see Fertilizers). 

The neutralization process is not energy intensive added heat evaporates water formed in the reaction and water entering the system with the raw materials, which is 50% NaOH. The significant waste effluent contains 10—100 ppm NaCN and must be treated before disposal. 

Substantial quantities of UPVC are also used for blow moulded containers for such diverse materials as consumable liquids such as fruit squashes, liquids for household use such as detergents and disinfectants, cosmetics and toiletries, and pharmaceuticals. For most of these applications UPVC is in competition with at least one other polymer, particularly poly(ethylene) terephthalate (Chapter 25), polyethylene (Chapter 10), polypropylene (Chapter 11) and, to a small extent, the nitrile resins (Chapter 15). The net result is that in recent years there has been some replacement of PPVC in these areas, in part because of problems of waste disposal. 

Control over chemicals, containers etc. removal from site (see also waste disposal) Prohibition of eating/drinking except in designated areas... 

The disposal of waste oils is largely governed in the UK by the EPA 90. Waste oils are a Special Waste covered by Special Waste Regulations. Establishments handling more than 500 litres per annum have a duty to maintain records. There are also requirements for record keeping where waste oils contain toxic impurities and so become Special Waste . 

Corrective Action Application At a hazardous waste treatment storage and disposal facility in Washington State, a cyanide-bearing waste required treatment. The influent waste stream contained 15 percent cyanide. Electrolytic oxidation was used to reduce the cyanide concentration to less than 5 percent. Alkaline chlorination was used to further reduce the cyanide concentration to 50 mg/1 (the cleanup objective). The electrolytic process was used as a first stage treatment because the heat of reaction, using alkaline chlorination to treat the concentrated cyanide waste, would be so great that it would melt the reactor tank. 

Technology Descriptions The use of thermoplastic solidification systems in radioactive waste disposal has led to the development of waste containment systems that can be adapted to industrial waste. In processing radioactive waste with bitumen or other thermoplastic material (such as paraffin or polyethylene), the waste is dried, heated and dispersed through a heated, plastic matrix. The mixture is then cooled to solidify the mass. 

Waste disposal systems containing flammable, corrosive, or toxic materials should be at least 250 feet from plant equipment. 

In the UK and most of Europe, it is illegal to dispose of refrigerant in anyother way than through an authorized waste disposal company. The UK legislation expects that anyone handling refrigerants is competent to do so and has the correct equipment and containers. Disposal must be through an approved contractor and must be fully documented. Severe penalties may be imposed for failure to implement these laws. 

The submitters recommend collection of solid wastes in an appropriate solid waste container, and liquid wastes (filtrates containing thallium residues, etc.) in suitably labeled bottles or cans. For the disposal of thallium wastes, a commercial organization specializing in the disposal of toxic materials was employed. The submitters understand that the disposal procedure consists of burying thallium wastes in deep pits after covering with sand. 

Trichloroethylene enters your body when you breathe air or drink water containing it. It can also enter your body if you get it on your skin. You could be exposed to contaminated water or air if you live near or work in a factory that uses trichloroethylene or if you live near a waste disposal site that contains trichloroethylene. If you breathe the chemical, about half the amount you breathe in will get into your bloodstream and organs. You will exhale the rest. If you drink trichloroethylene, most of it will be absorbed into your blood. If trichloroethylene comes in contact with your skin, some of it can enter your body, although not as easily as when you breathe or swallow it. 

Some elevated outdoor air levels of triehloroethylene reported are associated with waste disposal sites. Average trichloroethylene levels of 0.08-2.43 ppb were detected in ambient air at six landfill sites in New Jersey the maximum concentration was 12.3 ppb (Harkov et al. 1985). Levels between 3.0 and 3.2 pg/m (0.56 ppb and 0.60 ppb) were found at a distance of 0.5-1.5 meters above the surface of a landfill known to contain halogenated volatile organic compounds in Germany (Koenig et al. 1987). 

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