Waste conceptual design

FIG. 25-75 Conceptual design for control cells for hazardous-waste disposal (section view). FML = flexible-membrane liner. (From Freeman, H. M., Standard Handbook of Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal, McGraw-Hill, 1988.)... 

In the present conceptual design, only two ultimate waste streams would be generated. One waste stream would contain the "noble" impurities and the second would contain the more "active" impurities. All reagents would be regenerated and/or recycled. 

The BP-led feedstock recycling consortium recently unveiled its new larger-scale fluidised bed pyrolysis pilot plant, located on the BP refinery site at Grangemouth. The 2 tonne/day plant will take mixed plastics waste from a variety of sources to provide more extensive trial results, to be used in the conceptual design of a 25,000 t/y semicommercial demonstration plant. The consortium envisages a series of plants, of around 25,000-50,000 t/y, scattered across Europe. 

Conceptual design studies for WIPP have been completed and architect engineering definition is now underway. A DOE Preliminary Environmental Impact Statement will be released by January, 1979. Present schedules call for construction to start in 1981 and for completion in 1985. First radioactive waste shipments could be accomodated in the spring of 1986. 

Birdwell, J. F., Jr., Counce, R. M., and Slater, C. O. Conceptual Design of a Simplified Skid-Mounted Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction Process for Removal of Cesium from Savannah River Site High-Level Waste, Report ORNL/TM-2004/59, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, May 2004. 

Waste Package Concepts for Use in the Conceptual Design of the Nuclear Waste Repository in Basalt, AESD-TME-3142, Westinghouse Electric Co., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, for Battelle Project Management Division, Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation, Sept., 1982. 

For analyzing the potential impact of a conceptual design we make use of the package WAR (Waste Reduction Algorithm) developed by the Environment Protection Agency in the USA [23]. The graphical interface allows the user to enter information for different alternatives, or to import it from a process simulator. Input data includes the chemicals species, the flow rates of the charac-... 

A conceptual design for the plant is shown in Figure 13.5. Detailed information on the estimated capital cost of a 300 t/d plant with this design and its estimated annual operating costs are available [22], The experimental results indicate that a conservative estimate of the oil yield per ton of waste plastic is about 5 bbl/t. Assuming a plant operating at 90% capacity, this would yield 495,000 bbl/yr. 

Chemical and mineralogical analyses of feed coal, clean coal, and refuse (coal-cleaning waste) are essential to the conceptual design of ECTs and therefore to the calculation of the costs of alternative ECTs. Because the major pollution factor is the contamination of water run-off from refuse piles, information on the acidity and chemical content of water leachates also is needed for cost calculations. 

Joint NRC/EPA Guidance on a Conceptual Design Approach for Commercial Mixed Low-level Radioactive and Hazardous Waste Disposal Facilities... 

The conceptual design of the repository (Figure 2) consists of a series of parallel tunnels, where the wastes would be emplaced in boreholes excavated in the floors of the gallery. The centreline distance between adjacent tunnels is 10 m and the centreline distance between adjacent inground boreholes for the wastes is 4.44 m. The depth of each borehole is 4.13 m and the diameter is 2.22 m. The overpack for vitrified wastes would be emplaced into the borehole, and a bentonite buffer material would be compacted around the overpack. The tunnels would also be backfilled with a mixture of gravel and clay. 

Engineered barriers constitute a basic element in the conceptual design of repositories for radioactive waste in deep geological media. For the safety performance of a repository, it is very important to understand, on the one hand, individual processes in the barrier and the host medium in the near-field zone and the coupled mechanism, on the other hand, to parameterise all physical variables for the long-term modelling. 

GE joined the ALMR program with its two key elements reactor design and fuel cycle development. GE led industry partners to refine the conceptual design of the PRISM reactor. The national laboratories, led principally by ANL, tackled the fuel cycle development and waste characterization. 

During the conceptual design it is necessary to establish what constitutes waste feed. The waste feed characteristics and the relative volumes of the different waste categories to be incinerated will probably affect the selection of the combustion technique and also the basic concept of the off-gas treatment system. The distinct categories of wastes that may affect the design or selection of the incineration system are as follows ... 

The amount and type of pretreatment, if any, shall be established in the conceptual design of the incineration system. The waste preparation or pretreatment... 

It is necessary to establish early in the conceptual design whether acid gas forming materials (e.g. halogenated or sulphur compounds) should be included or eliminated from the waste feed. If included, the system must be capable of processing these materials and the resulting combustion products. 

The development of an incineration system process flow diagram is one of the most important aspects of the conceptual design. This activity includes the determination of individual process steps and subsystems, and their relative sequence. A generic block diagram of a radioactive waste incineration system is shown in Fig. 1. 

Performance phase Assessment of the entire system, sufficient for procurement specifications for constmction of a demonstration plant validation of waste management strategy materials capabilities are optimized under prototypical conditions detailed cost evaluation— conceptual design, 10—20 years needed. 

ONWI 1983. Engineered waste package conceptual design. Appendix B corrosion analysis Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation Report, ONWI-438, Columbus. 

Spiegel, R.J, Thomeloe, S.A, Trocdola, J.C, Preston, XL. 1999. Fuel cell operation on anaerobic digester gas conceptual design and assessment. Waste Manage. 19(6) 389-399. 

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