Waste and water

The flocculation activity of polymers increases with increasing molecular weight. Linear macromolecules are better flocculents than branched ones with the same total molecular weight. In the future the largest growth of polymer applications is expected to be in waste and water treatment, because of ecological problems. 

Brower GR, Ramkrishnadas R. 1982. Industrial wastes Solid wastes and water quality. J Water Pollut Control Fed 54(6) 749-754. 

Campagnolo E.R., K.R. Johnson, A. Karpati, C.S. Rubin, D.W. Kolpin, M.T. Meyer, J.E. Esteban, R.W. Currier, K. Smith, K.M. Thug, and M. McGeehin (2002). Antimicrobial residues in animal waste and water resources proximal to large-scale swine and poultry feeding operations. Science of the Total Environment 299 89-95. 

In the final section of the book, Part V, Water-Waste Interaction, various approaches to describe and predict the interaction between waste and water are presented. This part of the book does not only deal with landfills containing different types of municipal waste forms, but also with different nuclear waste forms. Of special interest are laboratory experiments on waste form corrosion and element speciation in aqueous media that represent realistic disposal... 

Substitute Natural Gas. The oil crisis of the 1970s spawned a number of attempts to create synthetic natural gas. Some of these processes reached pilot and demonstration plant stages and beyond in their development. For example, substitute natural gas (SNG) from sewage wastes has enjoyed impressive success. The anaerobic digestion of a solid waste and water or sewage sludge slimy will produce a methane-rich gas. 

The Rubacon RENEW programme based on locally-available renewable resources such as straws, grasses, banana, tobacco processing waste and water hyacinth ... 

US Environmental Protection Agency US EPA (2002b) Arsenic Treatment Technologies for Soil, Waste, and Water. EPA-542-R-02-004. Office of Solid Wastes and Emergency (5102G). 

CAUTION The analysis for PCDDs/PCDFs in water samples is for much lower concentrations than in soil/sediment, fly ash, or chemical waste samples. Extreme care must be taken to prevent cross-contamination between soil/sediment, fly ash, chemical waste and water samples. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that separate glassware be reserved for analyzing water samples. 

Hydrogen can be extracted from a range of sources since it is in almost everything, from biological tissue and DNA, to petroleum, gasoline, paper, human waste and water. It can be generated from nuclear plants, solar plants, wind plants, ocean thermal power plants or green plants. 

Flotation is a solid-liquid separation process that transfers solids to the liquid surface through attachment of gas bubbles to solid particles. Flotation processes are used in the processing of crushed ores, whereby a desired mineral is separated from the gangue or non-mineral-containing material. Various applications in solid separation processes are also in use in waste and water supply treatment. Algae have been removed successfully from surface waters by flotation. 

Introduction to Popular Treatment Methods for Municipal Wastes and Water Supplies, Ontario Water Resources Commission, Toronto, ca. 1972. 

This latest survey by BiE included an additional section covering environmental performance. Companies were asked whether they measure and set targets for their performance in five areas, namely, energy, transport, carbon dioxide emissions, waste and water. 

Ruducite. [HVC] Reducing agent for chromium reduction in plating baths, waste and water treatments, drchlori-nation, pul Vpaper deinking. 

T. Korenaga, Flow Injection Analysis Using Potassium Permanganate An Approach for Measuring Chemical Oxygen Demand in Organic Wastes and Waters. Anal, Lett. A, 13 (1980) 1001. 

The treatment of wastes and water supplies primarily involves the removal of particulates and, therefore, is accomplished by solid-liquid separation processes. However, present design procedures for such treatment systems do not utilize or even recognize the importance of the physical properties of particulates in solid-liquid separation. In fact, until very recently, eflForts at measuring particle size in wastewaters and raw water supplies have been very limited. Among early eflForts, the investigations at Rutgers University (3,4,5,6) are especially notable. Very recent renewed interests in particle size determinations have used Coulter, Hiac, and Zeiss Videomat particle counters (7,8,9). 

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