Volunteer societies

Absent from these organizations, however, was any volunteer society that expressly emphasized the chemical industry or defense against chemical attacks. See also DOBROKHIM. 

The nine surveyed companies volunteered to participate. Industry trade associations (American Chemistry Council [ACC], National Association of Chemical Distributors [NACD], Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association [SOCMA]) and professional societies (Center for Chemical Process Safety [CCPS]) were asked to identify possible survey candidates-small, medium, and large sites or companies with reactive chemical hazard management programs or practices in place. As such, the survey was not intended to represent the practices of the chemical industry as a whole in fact, the survey... 

Strictly applied, some Edgewood studies probably violated Memorandum 385. But the definition of fruitful results for the good of society poses a semantic problem. Some of the drug research carried out at universities with civilian volunteers in the 1960s might also be difficult to justify, if no particular social benefits were anticipated. Many critics eagerly discuss the broader question of whether chemical warfare research can ever be good for society. 

Jenner attempted to publish the results of his experiment in Transactions of Royal Society but the paper was rejected. He then repeated the experiment with 13 volunteers and published the results in his treatise, An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae, a disease discovered in some parts of the western counties of England, particularly Gloucestershire, and known by the name of the Cow Pox , published in 1798. Following its publication, vaccination quickly spread through Europe and America, earning Jenner worldwide fame. 

The rival French colonists, too, posed a military threat to the British colonies until they were defeated by a combination of British and colonial volunteer forces in the French and Indian War of 1754—63. The British government did not want to undertake the expense of maintaining and supplying large numbers of professional soldiers on a frontier 3,000 miles away. The colonists would have to take primary responsibility for their own defense. They naturally adopted and refined the historical model of the militia to the needs of a very different society. 

FIGURE 22.15 Pharmacokinetic parameters for the Spherazole CR tablet, 100 mg, compared with the Sporanc IR capsule. (Note Types A and B differed in levels of rate-controlling excipients.) (Adapted from Jacob, J. Gastroretentive, bioadhesive drug delivery system for controlled release of itraconazole pharmacokinetics of Spherazole CR in healthy human volunteers. Controlled Release Society 34th Annual Meeting and... 

Jacob, J., Gastroretentive, bioadhesive drug delivery system for controlled release of itraconazole pharmacokinetics of Spherazole CR in healthy human volunteers. Controlled Release Society 34th Annual Meeting and Exposition, 2006. 

Hayes, M. H. B., Dawson, J. E., Mortensen, J. L., Clapp, C. E., and Hausler, M. J. (1985). Comparisons of synthetic humic-like substances with soil humic acids. In Volunteered Papers, 2nd International Conference, International Humic Substances Society (Birmingham, 1984), Hayes, M. H. B., and Swift, R. S., eds., IHSS, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, pp. 

Prediction of response of blood lead to airborne and dietary lead from volunteer experiments. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 224, 149-82. 

FIGURE 18 Morphine plasma concentration in human volunteers after intravenous administration of morphine and after nasal administration of morphine as chitosan solution and powder formulations Mor Chi Sol, morphine solution containing chitosan Mor Chi PWD, morphine-chitosan powder IN, intranasal. (Reproduced from ref. 105 with permission of the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.)... 

Finally, I should like to express my thanks. First, to those who have contributed to this volume, not only for their magnificent contributions but also for co-operating so well that it has been a positive pleasure to bring this volume together. Second, I must thank Dr Susan Appleyard and staff at the Royal Society of Chemistry for their work in preparing the volume in short time and with great skill. Special thanks go to Susan who first had the idea of a volume of this kind and volunteered to do much of the work to make it a reality. 

This spirit of philanthropy and charity was epitomized in the U.S. Sanitary Commission. Immediately after President Lincoln s caU for 75,000 volunteer troops, three days after the attack on Fort Sumter on April 12,1861, women throughout the North rallied to provide assistance. That same day the women of Bridgeport, Connecticut, met to plan relief efforts, and ladies in Lowell, Massachusetts, and Cleveland, Ohio, soon followed.The organization that would form the nucleus of the commission, however, was the Woman s Central Relief Association of New York, led by Louisa Lee Schuyler (1837-1926), who had already made her reputation for charity through her work with the Children s Aid Society.n... 

Register and Prescription Book of the 110th Regiment, N.Y.S.V. on inside cover of U.S. Army Medical Department, Register and Prescription Book, June-Aug., 1864, 152nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry. John C. Williamson Papers. BV 959, Box 2, Series 2331. Ohio Historical Society Archives, Columbus, Ohio. 

The ACCL membership grew from 40 people in 1979 to 700 in 2003. Over time the labeling issues grew into hazard communication issues . In 1992, ACCL changed its name to SCHC to reflect the expanded issue of hazard communication and the needs of the expanded membership. As the society grew, the structure has become more formal. However, SCHC is essentially a volunteer organization. 

In another survey conducted by the clinical section of the British Pharmacological Society over a one-year period from 1986 to 1987, 8163 healthy volunteers received drugs for research purposes.Potentially life-threatening adverse effects were reported in 0-04% and moderately severe adverse effects in 0-55%, with no lasting sequelae. The three severe reactions were skin irritation and rash requiring hospitalisation, anaphylactic shock after an oral vaccine, and perforation of a duodenal ulcer after multiple-dose non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug all made a complete recovery. The results were similar to those reported in the earlier ABPI survey and the authors concluded that the risk involved in these studies is very small... 

These alarming deficiencies in therapy for bacterial infections undoubtedly influenced Fleming in his choice of research area when he returned to St Mary s in January 1919. It is unclear as to how he discovered that nasal mucus had antibacterial properties but this line of investigation led to more important work with other body secretions and, in particular, with tears. The so-called tear antiseptic was obtained from volunteers who had lemon juice instilled into their eyes, and proved to be reasonably potent. This same antibacterial agent was subsequently (in January 1922) shown to be present in egg white and this became the primary source of what was eventually christened lysozyme. In his first paper on lysozyme (in Proceedings of the Royal Society, 1922, B, vol. 93, 306), Fleming reported that about three-quarters of the airborne bacteria he had... 

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