Volumetric flow rate well-mixed

The fractional flow rate, (1 - f) Lu,n> is then also the volumetric flow passing through the well-mixed region of settler phase volume, Vmix. The flows leaving the plug-flow and well-mixed regions, Xsp and Xsmn. respectively, then combine to give the actual exit concentration from the settler, X . 

Consider a series of well-mixed vessels (or compartments) where the volumetric flow rate and the respective volumes are constant (Fig. 3.3). If we write down the mass balances of the first two vessels as in Section 2.8.1 (p. 2-20), they are 1 ... 

The volumetric flow rate of the recycle stream is many many times those of the fresh feed and product streams, and the fresh feed and recycle streams are well mixed at the juncture point. If one uses a mole ratio of 3.4 hydrogen to 1 toluene in the fresh feed stream, what fraction of the toluene is converted to benzene under the previously specified conditions The average residence time of a fluid element is 30.1 sec. Explicitly state any assumptions that you make. In order to obtain a numerical answer, a trial and error solution will be necessary. 

As indicated below in Fig. 3.21, feed enters the reactor at a volumetric flow rate F0, with cell concentration X0 and substrate concentration S0. The vessel contents, which are well-mixed, are defined by volume V, substrate concentration S and cell concentration X. These concentrations are identical to those of the outlet stream, which has a volumetric flow rate F. ... 

A major factor in fluidized bed behavior is the interaction between the gas flow from individual orifices and the particle and gas mixture within the bed. The jet penetration and the subsequent bubble formation have an important influence upon solids and gas mixing and, ultimately, upon the usefulness of the bed for reactor purposes. While flow visualization data are available at ambient pressures and temperatures, the natures of jet penetration and bubble development at high pressures and temperatures are not easily measured. Typical data on bubble size and bubble velocity at ambient conditions are shown, represented by the small size symbols, in Figure 2. It is well known that bubble volume can be correlated as a function of gas volumetric flow rate ( ) and that bubble velocity is related to the size of the bubble radius ( ). Such semi-empirical correlations are indicated as solid lines in that figure. 

The volumetric flow rate to the well-mixed portion of the reactor,, can be determined from the intercept, / ... 

A volumetric flow rate Ot, bypasses the reactor while a volumetric flow rate yge enters the system volume and (uo = Usb t b)- The reactor system volume Vj is the well-mixed portion of the reactor, and the volumetric flow rate entering the system volume is v b- The subscript SB denotes that pan of the flow has bypassed and only Use enters the system. Because some of the fluid bypasses, the flow passing through the system will be less than the total volumetric rate, i sb < Uq, consequently tsB > t- Let s say the volumetric Row rate that bypasses the... 

Two streams 1 and 2 are being mixed in a well-stirred tank, producing a product stream 3 (Figure 4.8). Each of the two feed streams is composed of two components, A and B, with molar concentrations cA, cb, and ca2, cb2, respectively. Also let F, and F2 be the volumetric flow rates of the two streams (ft3/min, m3/min) and T i and T2 their corresponding temperatures. Finally, let cA, c b3, F3, and T3 be the concentrations, flow rate, and temperature of the product stream. A coil is also immersed in the liquid of the tank and it is used to supply heat to the system with steam, or remove heat with cooling water. 

This analysis begins with the unsteady-state mass balance for component i in the well-mixed reactor. At high-mass-transfer Peclet numbers, which are primarily a function of volumetric flow rate q, the rate processes of interest are accumulation, convective mass transfer, and multiple chemical reactions. Generic subscripts are... 

Here V is the reactor gas-phase volume, v the volumetric flow rate to and leaving the reactor, and the concentration defined by the subscript out applied throughout the reactor since it is well mixed. 

Let V be the volume of the reactor and / the volumetric flow rate. We assume that the CSTR is well mixed, i.e., we make the ideal mixing assumption. Then the average time a fluid parcel spends in the CSTR is... 

The water heater as shown in Figure 5.63 is a well-mixed, constant-volume (Vi) tank through which fluid flows at a constant mass flow rate w (or p/E whereas F is the volumetric flow rate and p/ is the liquid density) the specific heat capacity of the fluid is C /. Because the incoming fluid temperature Tf is subject to fluctuations, an electric coil to which a simple proportional con-... 

Let s analyze the steady-state operation to determine the volumetric flow rates treated and recycle- We will assume that (1) the sewage density is independent of the bacteria concentration or organic matter concentration, (2) the process is at steady state, (3) the aeration tank is well mixed, (4) the flow rate of the inlet air is equal to the flow rate of the outlet air plus CO2, and (5) the growth rate of the bacteria is zero (this is controlled by the flow rate of air to the aeration tank). 

Gas flows with a regulated volumetric flow rate V through an inlet into the flow chamber with total volume V. Gas leaves the flow chamber at the same rate. In practice, this is achieved by throttling the gas into the ambient air through an exhaust tube. The nozzles of the inlet and exhaust are small, compared to A, and are oriented well away from each other to ensure good mixing within the flow chamber before the gas leaves. Also, both vents are oriented away from the interface to ensure that random gas currents prevail near the membrane surface, preventing a steady convective flow. 

Consider a continuous crystallizer of volume V, as shown in Figure 6.4.2(a). A feed stream having a particle (crystal) number density function ra/(rp) (which is also the population density function), volumetric flow rate Qf and species i mass concentration enters the crystallizer continuously. Product stream 1, having a particle (crystal) number density function n (tp), volumetric flow rate Qi and species i mass concentration Pf, leaves the crystallizer continuously. The particle (crystal) number density function n rp) in the well-mixed crystallizer is the same throughout the crystallizer. The macroscopic population balance equation for a stirred tank separator may be written using equations (6.2.60) and (6.2.61) as follows ... 

---