Volumes in This Series

As for the other volumes in this series, examples of synthetic procedures have been given. These have been chosen to indicate the basic operations involved... 

This volume is intended to present a comprehensive description of the chemistry of thiazole and its monocyclic derivatives, based on the chemical literature up to December, 1976. It is not concerned with polycyclic thiazoles, such as benzo- or naphthothiazole, nor with hydrogenated derivatives, such as thiazolines or thiazolidines later volumes in this series are devoted to these derivatives. The chemistry of thiamine has also been excluded from the present volume because of the enormous amount of literature corresponding to the subject and is developed in another volume. On the other hand, a discussion of selenazole and its monocyclic derivatives has been included, and particular emphasis has been given to the cyanine dyes derived from thiazolium salts. 

We/ding Handbook, 8th ed., Vol. 1, American Welding Society, Miami, Fla., 1987 see also other volumes in this series. 

In spite of these accomplishments, shock-compression science is not documented in book form. The volumes in this series of books attempt to remedy that deficiency. The description of shock-compressed matter derived from physical and chemical observations, as presented in this book, is significantly different from that derived strictly from mechanical characteristics, which are the classical descriptions. It is hoped that the book will provide an adequate introduction for interested scientists and engineers. 

A large number of nucleophilic substitution reactions involving interconversions of pyridopyrimidines have been reported, the majority of which involve substituents in the pyrimidine ring. This subject has been reviewed previously in an earlier volume in this series which dealt with the theoretical aspects of nucleophilic re-activiti in azines, and so only a summary of the nucelophilic displacements of the substituent groups will be given here. In general, nucleophilic substitutions occur most readily at the 4-position of pyrido-... 

In the relatively few years since the preparation of the previous volume in this series, the explosion of synthetic and clinical experimentation on the semi and totally synthetic antibacterial p-lactam antibiotics has continued, providing a rich body of literature from which to assemble this chapter. The search for utopiasporin, the perfect cephalosporin, continues. The improvements in. spectrum and clinical properties achieved to date, however, are largely incremental and have been achieved at the price of substantially higher costs to the patient. Nonetheless, these newer compounds are truly remarkable when compared with the properties of the fermentation-derived substances from which they have sprung. 

We have been very fortunate with the highly experienced and expert organic chemists who. agreeing with our objective, have written the first group of volumes in this series. "Best Synthetic Methods," We would always be pleased to receive comments from readers and suggestions for future volumes. 

Reviews, such as those that have been published in Advances in Polymer Science, thus play a very important role in the education of scientists and therefore in the progress of science. How important this role is, of course, depends on the choice of the reviewers and the quality of their reviews. In my opinion, the editors of the volumes in this series have just cause to be proud of their record over the past 25 volumes. 

The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds using transition metals and using heterocyclic compounds as intermediates in the synthesis of other organic compounds will bean additional feature of each volume. Pathways involving the destruction of heterocyclic rings will also be dealt with so that the synthesis of specifically functionalized non-heterocyclic molecules can be designed. Each volume in this series will provide an overall picture of heterocyclic compounds... 

Organic Synthesis, vol. 1 Wiley NY, 1967, pp. 142,1059, and subsequent volumes in this series. 

Diphenyl diselenide has been prepared by disproportionation of phenyl selenocyanate in the presence of potassium hydroxide" or ammonia/ and by air oxidation of benzeneselenol. The preparation of benzeneselenol is described in an earlier volume in this series/ In the present procedure phenylselenomagnesium bromide formed from phenylmagnesium bromide and selenium is oxidized directly to diphenyl diselenide with bromine/ Thus the liberation of the malodorous and toxic hydrogen selenide and benzeneselenol is avoided. Benzeneselenenyl chloride has been prepared by thermal elimination of ethyl chloride from ethyl phenyl selenide di-chloride/ by thermal elimination of chlorine from phenylselenium trichloride," and by chlorinolysis of diphenyl diselenide with either sulfuryl chloride " or chlorine. " ... 

Several editors of previous volumes in this series Used the platform of the Personal Foreword to reflect routes and contents of their scientific lives and in particular to appreciate the invaluable support by rewarded coUeagues. It is a pleasure for me to continue this tradition. 

The editors have chosen topics from both important therapeutic areas and from work that advances the discipline of medicinal chemistry. For example, cancer, metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer s disease are fields in which academia and industry are heavily invested to discover new drugs because of their considerable unmet medical need. The editors have therefore prioritized covering new developments in medicinal chemistry in these fields. In addition, important advances in the discipline, such as fragment-based drug design and other aspects of new lead-seeking approaches, are also planned for early volumes in this series. Each volume thus offers a unique opportunity to capture the most up-to-date perspective in an area of medicinal chemistry. 

DERIVATIVES OF DIBENZOLACTAMS A recurring theme in the present chapter has been the association of CNS activity with dibenzoheterocycles that bear a basic chain pendant from the central ring. As we have seen, considerable latitude exists as to the constitution of the central ring. The earlier volume in this series described the preparation of the antidepressant dibenzepin (90), in which the basic function is attached to a lactam nitrogen. 

This point is amply discussed in Handbook Series in Organic Electrochemistry (Eds. L. Meites, P. Zuman and E. Rupp), Vol. V, CRC Press, 1982 and other volumes in this series. 

All volumes in this series define addiction as an attachment to, or dependence upon, any substance, thing, person or idea so single-minded and intense that virtually all other realities are ignored or given second place — and consequences, even lethal ones, are disregarded (Mack, 2002). 

Thus for the first volume in this series we have performed a selection of oxidation and reduction reactions, arguably some of the most important transformations of these two types, mainly employing non-natural catalysts. In other volumes of this work other catalysts for oxidation and reduction will be featured and, of equal importance, the use of preferred catalysts for carbon-carbon bond formation will be described. In the first phase, therefore, this series will seek to explore the pros and cons of using many, if not most, well-documented catalysts and we will endeavour to report our findings in a nonpartisan manner. 

The use of materials such as asbestos in buildings and machinery is now largely discontinued, but poses a health hazard when the material is disturbed. Recognition of the importance of atmospheric particles is reflected in a dedicated volume in this series [3]. In this chapter we emphasise the interaction with the biosphere. 

The effective molarity (EM) is formally the concentration of the catalytic group (RCOO- in [5]) required to make the intermolecular reaction go at the observed rate of the intramolecular process. In practice many measured EM s represent physically unattainable concentrations, and the formal definition is probably relevant only in reactions (which will generally involve very large cyclic transition states) where the formation of the ring or cyclic transition state per se is enthalpically neutral, or in diffusion-controlled processes. For the formation of small and medium-sized rings and cyclic transition states the EM as defined above contains, and may indeed be dominated by, the enthalpy of formation of the cyclic form. This topic has been discussed briefly by Illuminati et al. (1977) and will be treated at greater length in a future volume in this series. 

The literature on fast rotations around double bonds was reviewed up to 1972 in an earlier volume in this series (12), and the conformational properties of... 

The same types of photocathode compositions used in conventional photomultipliers also apply to MCP-PMs and similar considerations apply. Typical performance of MCP-PMs for the UV/visible is demonstrated in several chapters in an earlier volume in this series.(4)... 

Additional volumes in this series will be published to reflect further advances in fluorescence spectroscopy and its many applications. I welcome your suggestions for future topics or volumes, offers to contribute chapters on specific topics, or comments on the present volumes. 

Chapter 3, by Nicolaides and Tomioka, on the generation and characterization of biscarbenes, bisnitrenes, and carbenonitrenes illustrates how computational methods can serve as a valuable tool in understanding highly reactive intermediates. Given that many of the high-level computations can be performed on desktop computers, computation is likely to become a more common tool in physical organic chemistry laboratories. A future volume in this series will be devoted to computational methods in photochemistry. 

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