Volume resistivity test methods

ASTM C666-97 Standard test method for resistance of concrete to rapid freezing and thawing. ASTM Book of Standards Volume 04.02, 2001. 

IEC 60093, Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid electrical insulating materials, 1980. 

The usual standard methods for volume and surface resistivity both use the same test piece and electrode geometry and essentially the same measuring circuit. There are no ISO or IEC methods for rubbers but, where national standards specifically for polymers exist, they are usually adaptations of the IEC Publication 600931 for insulating materials in general. The relevant British Standards for rubbers are BS 903-C12 for surface resistivity and BS 903-C23 for volume resistivity. ASTM has an equivalent to the IEC standard for insulating materials generally, D2574, but no standard specifically for rubbers. 

Standard test method for rubber property-volume resistivity of electrically conductive and antistatic products Specification for electrical properties of conducting and antistatic products made from flexible polymeric material... 

D 2739 Test Method for Volume Resistivity of Conductive Adhesives... 

Current commercial practice for evaluating volume resistivity of printed conductive material relies on the overall dimensions of the test specimen, such as in the ASTM F1896 standard "method for... 

Commercially available resistance meters can measure resistance in the range from 10 to 10 Q. In the case of plastics, the method can be applied if the resistance values are of the same order or lower than the volume resistance, and if the volume resistivity is >10 Q.. Flat plate metal electrodes, preferably guarded (Figure 12.33), are used for testing flexible and compressible materials (at room or elevated temperatures). 

Abrasion resistance is a difficult property to define as well as to measure. It is normally accepted that abrasion resistance depends on the polymer s hardness and resilience, frictional forces, load, and actual area of contact. ASTM D1044 evaluates the resistance of transparent plastics to one kind of surface abrasion by measuring its effects on the transmission of light. Another test method to evaluate abrasion, ASTM D1242, measures the volume lost using two different types of abrasion machines loose abrasion and bonded abrasion. 

Handbook of Polymer Testing provides in one volume that comprehensive coverage of physical test methods for polymers. The properties considered cover the whole range of physical parameters, including mechanical, optical, electrical, and thermal as well as resistance to degradation, nondestructive testing, and tests for processability. All the main polymer classes are included rubbers, plastics, foams, textiles, coated fabrics, and composites. For each property, the fundamental principles and approaches arc discussed and particular requirements and the relevant international and national standards for the different polymer classes considered, together with the most-up-to-date techniques. 

FIGURE 3.90 Test for DC resistance of insulating materials. Electrical resistance of specimen (ohm) = applied voltage (V)/current measured A). Volume resistivity (ohm-cm) = resistance of specimen (ohm) Xarc of upper electrode (cm )/specimen thickness (cm). Standard test methods ASTM D257, BS 2782 method 202. 

DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials. Primary Film Test Method ASTM D257 Additional Test Method lEC 60093. The test method ASTM D257 covers direct-current (DC) procedures for the determination of insulation resistance, volume resistance, volume resistivity, surface resistance, and surface resistivity of electrical insulating materials, or the corresponding conductances and conductivities. 

ASTM C 666 (1999). Standard Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing, Volume 04.02,... 

The absolute viscosity of a fluid divided by its density at the same temperature of measurement. It is the measure of a fluid s resistance to flow under gravity, as determined by test method ASTM D 445. To determine kinematic viscosity, a fixed volume of the test fluid is allowed to flow through a calibrated capillary tube (viscometer) that is held at a closely controlled temperature. The kinematic viscosity, in centistokes (cSt), is the product of the measured flow time in seconds and the calibration constant of the viscometer. 

ASTM D2739-97 Standard test method for volume resistivity of conductive adhesives. 

BS 4618, Recommendations for the Presentation of Plastics Design Data. Part 2. Electrical Properties, Section 2. 3 Volume Resistivity Section 2.4 Surface Resistivity (London, 1975) BS 5102, Phenolic Resin Bonded Paper Laminated Sheets for Electrical Applications (London, 1974) BS 5762, Methods for Crack Opening Displacement Testing (British Standards Institution, London, 1979)... 

Plastics—Determination of the Fluidity of Plastics Using Capillary and Slit Die Rheometers Plastics—Determination of Fracture Toughness (Gc and Kq). Part 1 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) Approach Methods of Test for Volume Resistivity and Surface Resistivity of Solids Electrical Insulating Materials... 

Standard test method for measuring MEK resistance of ethyl silicate (inorganic) zinc-rich primers by solvent rub, ASTM Standard ASTM D4752-10, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010. Standard practice for determining the waterfastness of images produced by ink jet printers utilizing four different test methods - drip, spray, submersion and rub, ASTM F2292-03, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2008. Book of Standards Volume 15.09. 

---