Volume of solids

Maximiim volume of solids that the bowl can contain, ft. ... 

Reduction of volume of solid wastes through burning (incineration)... 

Sfl = surface area/unit volume of solid material e = cloth porosity... 

For a very dilute suspension, i.e., e = 1 and (e) = 1, the settling veloeity will be equal to the free-fall veloeity. As no valid theoretieal expression for the funetion (e) is available, eommon praetiee is to rely on experimental data. Note that a unit volume of thiekened sludge eontains e volume of liquid and (1 - e) volume of solid phase, i.e., a unit volume of partieles of sludge eontains e/(l - e) volume of liquid. Denoting a as the ratio of partiele surfaee area to volume, we obtain the hydraulie radius as the ratio of this volume, e/(l - e), to the surfaee, a, when both values are related to the same volume of partieles ... 

Volume of voids + volume of solids, i.e. total bed volume)... 

The elution volume of sodium nitrate [ Ve (NaN03)] allows one to calculate the volume of solid matrix (V ,) in the column according to... 

Graphs 6. Vectors 6. Lengths and Areas of Plane Figures 7. Surfaces and Volumes of Solids 12. 

If 1, 2, 3 refer to solid, liquid, and vapour, and if the volumes of solid and liquid are neglected in comparison with that of the vapour ... 

During filtration the suspended solids are trapped between the grains of filter media. Because there must always be space remaining for the water to percolate, there is a limit to the total volume of solid sludge that can be tolerated before backwashing is required. Designers typically set this limit at 25% of the total void volume and, irrespective of the media grain size, the void volume is approximately 45% of the total media volume. 

This chapter attempts to provide an overview of the application of principles, outlined in previous chapters, to the bioremediation of contaminated terrestrial sites and the associated groundwater. Cardinal microbiological processes will be addressed only briefly, and references should be made to previous chapters for metabolic details. There are several reasons for the heightened concern over the increasing volume of solid waste—both industrial and domestic. On the positive side, however,... 

Stockpiles of a sufficient volume of solid wastes should be supplied for reuse requirements. 

Liquid coating materials with low organic solvent content should be used to minimize the amount of volatile organic compounds that will be volatized and to reduce the volume of solid and liquid hazardous waste created. 

Accidental ingress of water to the heated mixture liberated sulfuric acid or its half ester which caused a violent reaction with generation of a large volume of solid black foam. 

Total volume — Volume of solids Total volume... 

The term (T/Ai)cake is the resistance of the cake, and L/K) M is the resistance of the filter medium. The latter is higher for a dirty filter medium than for a clean one, but once the initial particles become embedded in the medium and the cake starts to build up, it remains constant. The cake resistance, on the other hand, continues to increase with time as the cake thickness increases. The cake thickness is directly proportional to the volume of solids that have been deposited from the slurry and inversely proportional to the area ... 

In a batch thickener, an aqueous sludge containing 35% by volume of solids (SG = 1.6), with an average particle size of 50 pm, is allowed to settle. The sludge is fed to the settler at a rate of 1000 gpm, and the clear liquid overflows the top. Estimate the minimum tank diameter required for this separation. 

Spherical polymer pellets with a diameter of 1/8 in. and an SG of 0.96 are to be transported pneumatically using air at 80°F. The pipeline is horizontal, 6 in. ID and 100 ft long, and discharges at atmospheric pressure. It is desired to transport 15% by volume of solids, at a velocity that is 1 ft/s above the minimum deposit velocity. 

For solids run-off it is assumed that this run-off water contains 200 parts per million by volume of solids thus the corresponding velocity term U12 is 200 x 10 6t Jn, i.e., 10 s m/h. This corresponds to the loss of soil at a rate of about 0.1 mm per year. If these solids were completely deposited in the aquatic environment (which is about l/10th the soil area), they would accumulate at about 0.1 cm per year, which is about a factor of four less than the deposition rate to sediments. The implication is that most of this deposition is of naturally generated organic carbon and from sources such as bank erosion. 

Because of the voidage, the particle density is less than the intrinsic density of the solid catalyst material, ps = mplvs, where vs is the volume of solid in the particle, but is related to it by... 

How many stages are required for a 98 per cent extraction of a material containing 18 per cent of extractable matter of density 2700 kg/m3 and which requires 200 volumes of liquid/100 volumes of solid for it to be capable of being pumped to the next stage The strong solution is to have a concentration of 100 kg/m3. 

A volume of 2.5 cm3 mol-1 is clearly much smaller than the value we calculated earlier in Worked Example 1.3 with the ideal-gas equation, Equation (1.13). It is also smaller than the volume of solid neon made in a cryostat, suggesting the atoms in a solid are also separated by much empty space, albeit not so widely separated as in a gas. 

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