Output response voltage

The transient domain model shown in Fig. 4.33 was used to measure output ripple voltage, transient response, gate voltage, and inductor current. This model properly predicts the cycle-by-cycle switching effects of the regulator. 

Figure 4.40 shows the simulated output ripple voltage, while Fig. 4.41 shows the simulated output voltage ripple. The measured transient response is shown in Fig. 4.42, while the simulated transient response is shown in Fig. 4.43. 

Figure 5. Output from a ratiometric intensity analyzer designed to monitor oxygen using [(dppe)Pt S2C2(CH2CH2-A -2-pyridinium) ] [BPh4], immobilized in cellulose acetate plasticized with 75%/wt. triethyl citrate. [Adopted from (21).] The instrument response voltage correlates directly to the triplet/singlet ratio of the dual emitter at various oxygen concentration.

In electrotechnics, it is preferred to test the response of a system by a needle-like pulse of voltage or current, which is mathematically represented by the Dirac delta function. As can be seen from Eq. (16.9), since the Fourier transform of the Dirac delta function is 1, so Fj(t >) = 1, the Fourier transform of the system characteristics, Gitco) is directly the Fourier transform of the output response, Foiico). Of course this implies that also the corresponding functions in the time domains are equal. 

The first three circuit designs entail the use of a single wire working as both heating source and sensing element for direct measurement, whereas the PS mode requires more than two wires one for the source and another for the sensing element. Specifically, the first wire receives the pulsed input, while the second detects the output of voltage responses so that... 

When a sinusoidal source is applied to a stable linear circuit all of the steady-state node voltages and branch currents in the circuit will be sinusoids having the same frequency as the input. A sinusoidal input signal produces a sinusoidal steady-state output (response). The steady-state response of a given node voltage or branch current, however, may have different ampU-... 

Two other parameters that relate to the speed or bandwidth A/ of an amplifier are illustrated in Figure 3-9. T he output response of a voltage follower to a step input is characterized by the rise lime which is the time required for the output to change from 10% to 90% of the total change. It can be shown that... 

The output voltage resulting from the application of the step voltage is displayed on an oscilloscope or chart recorder. Some typical response characteristics are shown in Figure 7.12. Normally the response voltage will not be identical to and will take one of the forms shown in the figure. 

Figure 18.24 Measured output DC voltages at the receiver in response to varying mechanical stress applied along the x-axis (according to the coordinate system in Figure 18.21.

In a V/f control generally, only the frequency is varied to obtain the required speed control. Based on this frequency, the switching logistics of the inverter control circuit control the inverter s output voltage using the PWM technique to maintain the same ratio of V/f. A W/control is, however, not suitable at lower speeds. Their application is limited to fan, pump and compressor-type loads only, where speed regulation need not be accurate, and their low-spccd performance or transient response is not critical and they are also not required to operate at very low speeds. They arc primarily used for soft starts and to conserve energy... 

Line regulation Percentage change in the output voltage(s) in response to a change in the input voltage. 

The only function of the voltage feedback loop is to hold the output voltage(s) at a constant value. Complications arise in areas such as transient load response, accuracy of the output(s), multiple outputs, and isolated outputs. All of these individually can be nightmares for the designer, but if the design approaches are understood then each factor can easily be satisfactorily addressed. 

Quasi-resonant converters utilize an T-C tank circuit, which rings at its natural resonance frequency in response to a step change in its terminal voltage or current. The tank circuit is placed between the power switch and the transformer and/or the transformer and the output filter. 

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