Volatile biogenic

It is also possible that plants emit volatile sulfur containing compounds which are not easily analyzed by current gas chromatographic methods. Thus, the use of other analytical methods may reveal compounds as yet unidentified which serve as a source of volatile biogenic sulfur compounds. 

Moore R. M. and Tokarczyk R. (1993) Volatile biogenic halocarbons in the northwest Atlantic. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 7, 195-210. 

Karpas, Z. Tiknan, B. Gdalevsky, R. Lorber, A., Detemiination of volatile biogenic amines in muscle food by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), Anal. Chim. Acta 2002,463, 155-163. 

FIGURE 18.4 Mobility spectra showing the formation of volatile amines from the spoilage of pork, turkey, beef, and chicken during storage at room temperature for 1 day. Calibration was with 2 ng of TMA (trimethylamine). TMA and cadaverine (CAD) are apparent in the mobility spectrum for each muscle food. The reagent gas was n-nonylamine. (From Karpas et al.. Determination of volatile biogenic amines in muscle food products by ion mobility spectrometry, AmZ. Chim. Acta 2002, 463(2) 155-163. With permission.)... 

NO3 can react actively with several organic compounds and may dominate the nighttime chemistry of volatile biogenic compounds. Kinetic and product data are required for a wide variety of classes and structures of organics to investigate... 

Kostenidou E, Lee BH, Engelhart GJ, Pierce JR, Pandis SN (2009) Mass spectra deconvolution of low, medium, and high volatility biogenic secondary organic aerosol. Environ Sci Technol 43(13) 4884- 889. doi 10.1021/es803676g... 

Considerable attention has been directed in determining the products from reactions of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, and unsaturated compounds including biogenic terpenes that exhibit appreciable volatility. These studies have been conducted both in simulation chambers and using natural sunlight in the presence of NO. 

Veciana-Nogues, M., Marine-Font, A. and Vidal-Carou, M.C. (1997). Biogenic amines as hygienic quality indicators of tuna. Relationships with microbial counts, ATP-related compounds, volatile amines and organoleptic changes, Jl. Agric. Food Chem., 45, 2036. 

Fall, R Biogenic Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Higher Plants, in Reactive Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere (C. N. Hewitt, Ed.), Chap. 2, Academic Press, San Diego, 1999. 

Although some of the biogenic VOCs are relatively simple compounds such as ethene, most are quite complex in structure (e.g., Figs. 6.22 and 6.26). Furthermore, they tend to be unsaturated, often with multiple double bonds. As a result, they are very reactive (see Chapter 16.B) with OH, 03, NO, and Cl atoms (e.g., Atkinson et al., 1995a). In addition, because they are quite large and of relatively low volatility, their polar oxidation products are even less volatile. This makes elucidating reaction mechanisms and quantifying product yields quite difficult. For a review of this area, see Atkinson and Arey (1998). 

Some of the reactions, e.g., that of isoprene with OH and NO, were discussed earlier in this chapter. Table 6.26 summarizes some of the major products observed in the gas-phase reactions of several other biogenic hydrocarbons with OH and 03 (Atkinson, 1997a). These products are anticipated, based on the mechanisms described earlier in this chapter. As also expected, the yields of these major products generally do not account for 100% of the reactant lost, and there are a number of other products, including multifunctional species, that are also formed. As an example, the formation of more than 30 individual products has been observed from the reaction of a-pinene with O, in air, some of which are unidentified, and the same is true for the A3-carene reaction (Yu et al., 1998). Products included hydroxy oxoacids, hydroxy dicarbonyls, and dicarbonyls. The formation of low-volatility products that form particles (e.g., Hoffmann et al., 1998 Jang and Kamens, 1999) is likely responsible for a significant fraction of... 

Helas, G S. Slanina, and R. Steinbrecher, Eds., Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere, SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, 1997. 

Street, R. A., S. C. Duckham, and C. N. Hewitt, Laboratory and Field Studies of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis Bong.) in the United Kingdom, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22799-22806 (1996). 

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