Virus nanoparticles

Virus Nanoparticles for Signal Enhancement in Microarray Biosensors... 

Fig. 15.4 Chemical manipulation of virus nanoparticles (VNPs). A broad range of chemical engineering protocols have been established that allow new VNP formulations.

Esfandiari, N., Arzanani, M.K., Soleimani, M., Kohi-Habibi, M., Svendsen, W.E., 2015. A new application of plant virus nanoparticles as drug dehvery in breast cancer. Tumour Biol. 37, 1229-1236. 

Fig. 5.21 Cryoelectron micrograph of a single virus-like particle showing the well-defined protein coating of the 12 nm diameter Au nanoparticle (black disk). (Reprinted with permission from [98]. Copyright (2006) American Chemical Society).

Natural viruses provide us with perfect demonstrations of how effective nucleic acid transfer into mammalian cells can proceed. The secret of their efficiency is their dynamic, bioresponsive behavior during delivery, which distinguishes them from classic synthetic nanoparticles. Thus, it has been tempting for us and many research colleagues [69, 92, 164, 188-194] to design nucleic acid nanoparticles with virus-like characteristics ( synthetic viruses ). 

Wang X, Uto T, Akagi T et al (2007) Induction of potent CD8+ T-cell responses by novel biodegradable nanoparticles carrying human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gpl20. J Virol 81 10009-10016... 

Okamoto S, Yoshii H, Akagi T et al (2007) Influenza hemagglutinin vaccine with poly (y-glutamic acid) nanoparticles enhances the protection against influenza virus infection through both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Vaccine 25 8270-8278... 

Okamoto S, Yoshii H, Ishikawa T et al (2008) Single dose of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine with poly(y-glutamic acid) nanoparticles provides effective protection from Japanese encephalitis virus. Vaccine 26 589-594... 

Chong CS, Cao M, Wong WW et al (2005) Enhancement of T helper type 1 immune responses against hepatitis B virus core antigen by PLGA nanoparticle vaccine delivery. J Control Release 102 85-99... 

Valanne A, Huopalahti S, Soukka T et al (2005) A sensitive adenovirus immunoassay as a model for using nanoparticle label technology in virus diagnostics. J Clin Virol 33 217-223... 

Liposome-polycation-DNA (LPD) nanoparticles (1) are formed by spontaneous rearrangement of a lipid shell around a polycation-condensed bacterial plasmid DNA core to form a virus-like structure (2). The LPD complexes consist of liposomes that are either made of cationic (LPDI) or anionic (LPDII) lipids and are sometimes referred to as lipopolyplexes, a broader category that also includes other lipid-based vectors (2). 

Nanodes (nanoelectrodes) 771 Nanoparticles 802, 809, 817, 943 Nanotubes 802 Native peroxidase 373 Natural water samples el4 Negative feedback 912 Neisseria meningitidis 102 Neomycin 817 Nernst equation 26, 359 Nernstian function 12 Neuronal cell 105 Neurotoxins 311 Neutravidin 808, 817 Newcastle disease virus 107 Nikolskii-Eisenman 31 expression 727 Nitrate reductase 917 sensor 79 Nitric oxide 428... 

M. Tecle, F. Booy, M. C. Brahimi-Horn, C. Coutelle, N. R. Lemoine, E. W. Alton, and A. D. Miller, Characterisation of LMD virus-like nanoparticles self-assembled from cationic liposomes, adenovirus core peptide mu and plasmid DNA, Gene Ther., 9 (2002) 564-576. 

Y. Aoyama, T. Kanamori, T. Nakai, T. Sasaki, and S. Horiuchi, Artificial viruses and their application to gene delivery. Size-controlled gene coating with glycocluster nanoparticles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125 (2003) 3345-3455. 

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