Virucidal agents

A model for evaluating virucidal agents has been described which employs... 

If the biter is human immunodeficiency virus positive, the victim should have a baseline human immunodeficiency virus status determined and then repeated in 3 and 6 months. The bite should be thoroughly irrigated with a virucidal agent such as povidone-iodine. Victims may be offered antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis. 

Condom, diaphragm, or cervical cap with contraceptive or antimicrobial agent (including virucidal) agent. 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiviral properties of the inventive silver colloids (10 ppm and 32 ppm) against Influenza A (HINT) virus or Avian Influenza A (H3N2) virus ( bird flu ) when exposed (in suspension) for a specified exposure period(s). The protocol used is a modification of the Standard Test Method for Efficacy of Virucidal Agents Intended for Special Applications (ASTM E1052). 

Evidence of antiviral effects has especially been shown for St. John s Wort [2,3,10], Plant preparations with different chemical composition have been assayed against various viruses and both, hypericin and pseudohypericin, were found to be particularly effective as virucidal agents. The two compounds have been shown to be active against a broad range of viruses and retroviruses, such as herpes simplex virus types I and II, vesicular stomatitis and influenza viruses, cytomegalovyrus and human immunodeficiency virus-1 [2,3,10,91,92]. 

ASTM E1053-97, Standard Test Method for Efficacy of Virucidal Agents Intended for Inanimate Environmental Surfaces, ATSM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2002. 

Methods of studying the vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of virucidal agents were described. ... 

All essential oils from anise, hyssop, thyme, ginger, camomile and sandalwood possess virucidal activity against HSV-2 mainly before adsorption probably by interacting with the viral envelope (Koch et al. 2008). Camomile oil exhibited a high selectivity index and seems to be a promising candidate for topical therapeutic application as virucidal agents for treatment of herpes genitalis (Koch et al. 2008). 

Glutaraldehyde has a mode of action similar to formaldehyde but is less volatile and less toxic to people. It is a relatively powerfixl sporicidal agent and a virucidal agent effective against both lipophilic and hydrophilic viruses. It is frequently used in applications where the object to be disinfected will be used clinically, such as for sterilization of endoscopic equipment or for preparation of heart valves for surgical implants. Its effectiveness... 

Ohtake, S., Arakawa, T., Koyama, A.H., 2010. Arginine as a synergistic virucidal agent. Molecules 15,1408-1424. 

Phenothiazines, such as methylene blue, were used as virucidal agents for more than 70 years, and they were investigated as agents to prevent the transfusion-mediated spread of hepatitis during the Korean War. In plasma, 5 to 6 log virus inactivation can be obtained. Further treatment inactivates clotting factors, particularly hbrinogen and Cl inactivator. 

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