Virtual product creation

The virtualization of product development is a process for the acquisition of information in which, at the end of the product development, all necessary information generated is made available. As-sitming that humans are at the heart of information gathering and that the human decision making process drives product development, the virtual product-creation methods must support the decision maker throughout the product creation process. 

Keywords New product development Virtual product creation Artificial intelligence KBE Knowledge-based engineering Knowledge management Template... 

Kejrwords Product innovation Virtual product creation Knowledge-based engineering KBE Intellectual property protection IPP Patent infringement... 

The chances, which deep knowledge integration offers, are very promising and widely used to optimize a virtual product creation process. It is inevitable that this progress has also had a considerable impact on the way how to perform sophisticated development tasks. The achieved return on investment (ROI) is tremendous in many cases [31]. KBE templates became a significant accelerator for design projects by considerable savings in time and costs (see Sect. 10.6). For such reasons they are a real asset for each enterprise. 

A process, divided into subtasks, in which contributions to the creation of virtual products take... 

The extension of the DMU to functional aspects (FDMU), is an attempt to create more powerful tools for product development. The virtual products stored in DMU shall be enriched by the information extracted from simulation and measurement tools which describes the functionality with respect to environment in an early phase of the product creation processes [26]. 

The distinction between virtual production units and information processing units is made according to their contribution to creation of the cloud chain s end product or service. The virtual productions units perform primary value-added or critical activities while the information processing units perform supporting activities. The critical activities are those without which the very existence of the supply chain end-product or service would be impossible. 

Economy The creation of innovative Internet services has produced massive amounts of wealth and income for some producers. Search engine companies are perhaps the best examples. Terms such as new economy or information economy have been conceived. The main source of financial flows on the Internet is derived from marketing (banners and sponsored links) or end users payments. The global economy is reflected at the local level via online shops (market places), networking (user communities) and virtual contents (products). The Internet has extended the possibilities of immaterial or virtual products and income sources. 

The Virtual Design Team (VDT) is an actor-oriented model for the simulation of product development projects that was created at Stanford University. Early versions of VDT were already able to model actors and activities as well as the information flow between them [599, 604]. In subsequent versions, the different goals of actors, the construction of exceptions, and exception handling [771, 812, 813] were accounted for. A process engineering context was not considered in this model. The methodology does not support the participative creation of simulation models. 

The work of Her and his co-workers led to the creation of new materials and industries. His studies of the surface chemistry of silica led to the invention of unique organophilic and hydrophobic silica products termed estersils . Virtually a new industry was created when he rendered titania pigment particles in organic films and finishes photochemically inert by coating them with silica. 

Mary Shelley s character Frankenstein has become an archetype in its own right, universally referred to and providing the dominant image of the scientist in twentieth-century fiction and film. Frankenstein is the prototype of the mad scientist who hides himself in his laboratory, secretly creating not an elixir of immortality but a new human life, only to find he has created a Monster. Not only has his name become virtually synonymous with any experiment out of control, but also his relation with his creation has become, in popular misconception, complete identification Frankenstein is the Monster. The power of the Frankenstein story can be attributed to the fact that, in its essentials, it was a product of the subconscious rather than the conscious mind of its author and thus, in Jungian terms, draws upon the collective unconscious of the race. 

ZSM-5 zeolites attracted particular attention due to their ability to catalyze various reactions in petrochemistry, oil refining and fine chemistry [1,2,3]. However, for many useful chemical reactions, size exclusion virtually operates, as the steric requirements of the reactants and products are beyond the pore sizes. There are several methods how to improve accessibility of active sites located inside microporous structure [4,5]. The first possibility how to diminish the role of the molecular transport is a creation of secondary mesopores in zeolite ciystals, which can be done by post-synthesis treatments such as desilication [6] or dealumination [7], however, these treatments cannot provide zeolites having mesopores uniform in size and lattice positions [8]. The second... 

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