Integrating Knowledge

While understanding chemical reactions is a necessary first step, integrating knowledge of reactions with knowledge of sources, sinks, and transport of chemicals is also necessary. In addition to this "hard science understanding, there is also the need to incorporate social science understanding of human use or abuse of our environmental resources. 

Parallel to the growth of the engineering science movement was the evolution of the core chemical engineering cnrricnlnm in its present form. Perhaps more than any other development, the core curriculum is responsible for the confidence with which chemical engineers integrate knowledge from many disciplines in the solution of complex problems. 

We live, more and more, in a globalized society, looking to cycles and chains that integrate knowledge and interdisciplinary areas, looking for the welfare and health of human beings. 

Roling N (1994) Platforms for decision-making about ecosystems. In Fresco L, Stroosnijder L, Bouma J, Van Keulen H (eds) The future of the land mobilising and integrating knowledge for land use options. Wiley, Chichester... 

Since the introduction of the JECFA safety evaluation procedure, over 900 flavoring substances have been evaluated by JECFA using this procedure. This procedure provides a practical and efficient scientific means to evaluate flavoring substances by integrating knowledge of toxicity, stmcture-activity relationships, structural class, metabolic fate and exposure. 

Potentially, these data can then be deconvolved into simpler qPCR-based assays that are more amendable to routine clinical use, as in the case of the prognostic assays for breast cancer (35,36). However, as these technologies mature they are being incorporated into an increasing number of clinical trials (for recent reviews, see Refs. 37,38,39). Furthermore, novel clinical trial designs have been proposed that integrate knowledge learned from these platforms as interim endpoints to facilitate more efficient adaptive trials. 

The Seminar is structured around two-week modules. The general learning objectives for each two-week module are to integrate knowledge of science and ethics, research the facts and background of a case area, recognize a problem or a place for improvement, see the ethical implications, research alternatives and trade-offs, evaluate alternatives scientifically and ethically and be able to recommend and defend a course of action. The specific questions that will be addressed include ... 

Keywords Data base integration, Knowledge based operation, Optimizer, Product... 

E Tatara. An Integrated Knowledge-Based System for Automated System Identification, Monitoring, and Sensor Audit for Multivariate Processes. Master s thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 1999. 

C Undey, E Tatara, and A Cinar. Real-time batch process supervision by integrated knowledge-based systems and multivariate statistical methods. Engg. App. Artificial Intelligence, 16 555-566, 2003. 

For this consideration of simulation modeling, some of the currently available approaches for prediction of toxicity through chemistry will be examined—looking at both integrated knowledge and empirical evaluation. 

Concrete production, delivery, and placement Information and control Intelligent, integrated knowledge systems Improved control over nonspecified concrete On-line batching control... 

Somerville, M. A., and Rapport, D., Eds. (1999), Transdisciplinarity Re-creating Integrated Knowledge, EOLSS, Oxford. 

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